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Automated Essay Scoring (AES) plays a crucial role in educational assessment by providing scalable and consistent evaluations of writing tasks. However, traditional AES systems face three major challenges: (1) reliance on handcrafted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiamin Su , Yibo Yan , Fangteng Fu , Han Zhang , Jingheng Ye , Xiang Liu , Jiahao Huo , Huiyu Zhou , Xuming Hu

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) is defined as the computer technology that evaluates and scores the written essays, aiming to provide computational models to grade essays either automatically or with minimal human involvement. While there are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jeziel C. Marinho , Rafael T. Anchieta , Raimundo S. Moura

In various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) often leads to the issue of spurious correlations, which negatively impacts performance, particularly when dealing with out-of-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Suyoung Bae , Hyojun Kim , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

Massively multilingual sentence representation models, e.g., LASER, SBERT-distill, and LaBSE, help significantly improve cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the use of a large amount of data or inefficient model architectures results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhuoyuan Mao , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

Recent advances in automated essay scoring (AES) have shifted towards evaluating multiple traits to provide enriched feedback. Like typical AES systems, multi-trait AES employs the quadratic weighted kappa (QWK) to measure agreement with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Heejin Do , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Selecting an appropriate response from many candidates given the utterances in a multi-turn dialogue is the key problem for a retrieval-based dialogue system. Existing work formalizes the task as matching between the utterances and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Wentao Zhang , Shuang Xu , Haoran Huang

Automated speaking assessment in conversation tests (ASAC) aims to evaluate the overall speaking proficiency of an L2 (second-language) speaker in a setting where an interlocutor interacts with one or more candidates. Although prior ASAC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jiun-Ting Li , Bi-Cheng Yan , Tien-Hong Lo , Yi-Cheng Wang , Yung-Chang Hsu , Berlin Chen

In recent years, automated approaches to assessing linguistic complexity in second language (L2) writing have made significant progress in gauging learner performance, predicting human ratings of the quality of learner productions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Yu Qiao , Wei Zhou , Elma Kerz , Ralf Schlüter

Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations…

Human voices can be used to authenticate the identity of the speaker, but the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are vulnerable to voice spoofing attacks, such as impersonation, replay, text-to-speech, and voice conversion.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 You Zhang , Fei Jiang , Zhiyao Duan

In automated essay scoring (AES), recent efforts have shifted toward cross-prompt settings that score essays on unseen prompts for practical applicability. However, prior methods trained with essay-score pairs of specific prompts pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Heejin Do , Taehee Park , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Despite recent advancements in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) for time series analysis, a noticeable gap persists between the anticipated achievements and actual performance. While these methods have demonstrated formidable generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Adrian Atienza , Jakob Bardram , Sadasivan Puthusserypady

Embedding paralinguistic properties is a challenging task as there are only a few hours of training data available for domains such as emotional speech. One solution to this problem is to pretrain a general self-supervised speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Florian Lux , Ching-Yi Chen , Ngoc Thang Vu

For real-world speech recognition applications, noise robustness is still a challenge. In this work, we adopt the teacher-student (T/S) learning technique using a parallel clean and noisy corpus for improving automatic speech recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-19 Ladislav Mošner , Minhua Wu , Anirudh Raju , Sree Hari Krishnan Parthasarathi , Kenichi Kumatani , Shiva Sundaram , Roland Maas , Björn Hoffmeister

General-purpose ASR underperforms for atypical speakers, such as L2 learners, reinforcing bias and limiting use in education and accessibility. Using the CEFR-graded Speak and Improve corpus, we show that naive fine-tuning of Whisper…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ling Sun , Charlotte Zhu , Shuju Shi

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has seen significant progress with deep learning, yet remains challenging for Low-Resource Languages (LRLs) due to the scarcity of annotated data. In this work, we explore unsupervised learning to improve…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ziwei Gong , Pengyuan Shi , Kaan Donbekci , Lin Ai , Run Chen , David Sasu , Zehui Wu , Julia Hirschberg

Knowledge Graphs~(KGs) often suffer from unreliable knowledge, which restricts their utility. Triple Classification~(TC) aims to determine the validity of triples from KGs. Recently, text-based methods learn entity and relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xu Xiaodan , Hu Xiaolin

Speculative Decoding is a prominent technique for accelerating the autoregressive inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a fast draft model to propose candidate token sequences and a large target model to verify them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chendong Sun , Ali Mao , Lei Xu , mingmin Chen

Activation-based steering can personalize large language models at inference time, but its effects in educational settings remain unclear. We study persona vectors for seven character traits in short-answer generation and automated scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yongchao Wu , Aron Henriksson