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Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained prominence in the field of software development, significantly boosting productivity and simplifying teamwork. Although prior studies have examined task-specific applications, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Antonio Collante , Samuel Abedu , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Ahmad Abdellatif , Ebube Alor , Emad Shihab

Studies show that large language models (LLMs) produce buggy code translations. One promising avenue to improve translation accuracy is through intermediate representations, which provide structured guidance for the translation process. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Chi-en Amy Tai , Pengyu Nie , Lukasz Golab , Alexander Wong

This study investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage source and reference data in machine translation evaluation task, aiming to better understand the mechanisms behind their remarkable performance in this task. We design the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xu Huang , Zhirui Zhang , Xiang Geng , Yichao Du , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

The programming capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automatic code generation and opened new avenues for automatic statistical analysis. However, the validity and quality of these generated codes need to be…

Ensuring semantic consistency between source code and its accompanying comments is crucial for program comprehension, effective debugging, and long-term maintainability. Comment inconsistency arises when developers modify code but neglect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Phong Nguyen , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen

The advent of strong generative AI has a considerable impact on various software engineering tasks such as code repair, test generation, or language translation. While tools like GitHub Copilot are already in widespread use in interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Martin Weiss , Jesko Hecking-Harbusch , Jochen Quante , Matthias Woehrle

While comments are non-functional elements of source code, Large Language Models (LLM) frequently rely on them to perform Software Engineering (SE) tasks. Yet, where in the model this reliance resides, and how it affects performance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Aaron Imani , Mohammad Moshirpour , Iftekhar Ahmed

Multilingual programming, which involves using multiple programming languages (PLs) in a single project, is increasingly common due to its benefits. However, it introduces cross-language bugs (CLBs), which arise from interactions between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zengyang Li , Yimeng Li , Binbin Huang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Yutao Ma

The Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT and BERT, were proposed for natural language processing (NLP) and have shown promising results as general-purpose language models. An increasing number of industry professionals and researchers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Zhilong Wang , Lan Zhang , Chen Cao , Nanqing Luo , Xinzhi Luo , Peng Liu

Code review is a critical practice in modern software engineering, helping developers detect defects early, improve code quality, and facilitate knowledge sharing. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), a growing body…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Taufiqul Islam Khan , Shaowei Wang , Haoxiang Zhang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Code reviews are central for software quality assurance. Ideally, reviewers should explain their feedback to enable authors of code changes to understand the feedback and act accordingly. Different developers might need different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Ratnadira Widyasari , Ting Zhang , Abir Bouraffa , Walid Maalej , David Lo

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive code generation capabilities but struggle with real-world software engineering tasks, such as revising source code to address code reviews, hindering their practical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hong Yi Lin , Chunhua Liu , Haoyu Gao , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Christoph Treude

Code summarization facilitates program comprehension and software maintenance by converting code snippets into natural-language descriptions. Over the years, numerous methods have been developed for this task, but a key challenge remains:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yang Wu , Yao Wan , Zhaoyang Chu , Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Xuanhua Shi , Philip S. Yu

Code comments are important for program comprehension, development, and maintenance tasks. Given the varying standards for code comments, and their unstructured or semi-structured nature, developers get easily confused (especially novice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pooja Rani , Mathias Birrer , Sebastiano Panichella , Mohammad Ghafari , Oscar Nierstrasz

Coding remains one of the most fundamental modes of interaction between humans and machines. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), code generation capabilities have begun to significantly reshape programming practices.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yuliang Xu , Siming Huang , Mingmeng Geng , Yao Wan , Xuanhua Shi , Dongping Chen

Method-level comments are critical for improving code comprehension and supporting software maintenance. With advancements in large language models (LLMs), automated comment generation has become a major research focus. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Md Mustakim Billah , Md Shamimur Rahman , Banani Roy

Code comments are important in software development because they directly influence software maintainability and overall quality. Bad practices of code comments lead to code comment smells, negatively impacting software maintenance. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ipek Oztas , U Boran Torun , Eray Tüzün

Natural language to code generation is an important application area of LLMs and has received wide attention from the community. The majority of relevant studies have exclusively concentrated on increasing the quantity and functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Naman Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Wei-Lin Chiang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

Code-switching is a pervasive phenomenon in multilingual communication, yet the robustness of large language models (LLMs) in mixed-language settings remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of…

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