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In this study, we investigated gaze-based interaction methods within a virtual reality game with a visual search task with 52 participants. We compared four different interaction techniques: Selection by dwell time or confirmation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Björn Rene Severitt , Yannick Sauer , Alexander Neugebauer , Rajat Agarwala , Nora Castner , Siegfried Wahl

Due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19, many classes, exams, and meetings have been conducted non-face-to-face. However, the foundation for video conferencing solutions is still insufficient. So this technology has become an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Suneung-Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

Predicting gaze behavior in virtual reality environments remains a significant challenge with implications for rendering optimization and interface design. This paper introduces a multimodal approach to VR gaze prediction that combines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farhaan Ebadulla , Chiraag Mudlpaur , Shreya Chaurasia , Gaurav BV

We address the challenge of unsupervised mistake detection in egocentric video of skilled human activities through the analysis of gaze signals. While traditional methods rely on manually labeled mistakes, our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Michele Mazzamuto , Antonino Furnari , Yoichi Sato , Giovanni Maria Farinella

Prolonged exposure to virtual reality (VR) systems leads to visual fatigue, impairs user comfort, performance, and safety, particularly in high-stakes or long-duration applications. Existing fatigue detection approaches rely on subjective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Numan Zafar , Johnathan Locke , Shafique Ahmad Chaudhry

Gaze prediction plays a critical role in Virtual Reality (VR) applications by reducing sensor-induced latency and enabling computationally demanding techniques such as foveated rendering, which rely on anticipating user attention. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Christos Petrou , Harris Partaourides , Athanasios Balomenos , Yannis Kopsinis , Sotirios Chatzis

Augmented Reality (AR) see-through vision is an interesting research topic since it enables users to see through a wall and see the occluded objects. Most existing research focuses on the visual effects of see-through vision, while the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Zhimin Wang , Yuxin Zhao , Feng Lu

Real-time object detection in AR/VR systems faces critical computational constraints, requiring sub-10\,ms latency within tight power budgets. Inspired by biological foveal vision, we propose a two-stage pipeline that combines…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Neeraj Solanki , Hong Ding , Sepehr Tabrizchi , Ali Shafiee Sarvestani , Shaahin Angizi , David Z. Pan , Arman Roohi

In human-robot interaction (HRI), detecting a human's gaze helps robots interpret user attention and intent. However, most gaze detection approaches rely on specialized eye-tracking hardware, limiting deployment in everyday settings.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Linlin Cheng , Koen Hindriks , Artem V. Belopolsky

The integration of Transparent Displays (TD) in various applications, such as Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) in vehicles, is a burgeoning field, poised to revolutionize user experiences. However, this innovation brings forth significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Esmaeil Seraj , Harsh Bhate , Walter Talamonti

Estimation of 3D gaze is highly relevant to multiple fields, including but not limited to interactive systems, specialized human-computer interfaces, and behavioral research. Although recently deep learning methods have boosted the accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Gabriel Lefundes , Luciano Oliveira

Eye movement biometrics (EMB) use subject-specific gaze dynamics for user authentication and identification. Recent deep learning-based EMB systems achieve strong performance by modeling temporal eye movement behavior. However, these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hashim Aziz , Mehedi Hasan Raju , Oleg V. Komogortsev

This paper introduces a novel neural network-based reinforcement learning approach for robot gaze control. Our approach enables a robot to learn and to adapt its gaze control strategy for human-robot interaction neither with the use of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Stéphane Lathuilière , Benoit Massé , Pablo Mesejo , Radu Horaud

Virtual-reality (VR) and augmented-reality (AR) technology is increasingly combined with eye-tracking. This combination broadens both fields and opens up new areas of application, in which visual perception and related cognitive processes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Lena Stubbemann , Dominik Dürrschnabel , Robert Refflinghaus

Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, beneficial use cases for hygienic, touchless human-machine interaction have been explored. Gaze input, i.e., information input via eye-movements of users, represents a promising method for contact-free…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Zhe Zeng , Sai Liu , Hao Cheng , Hailong Liu , Yang Li , Yu Feng , Felix Wilhelm Siebert

Recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gaze-assisted interaction as a rich and accessible human-computer interaction paradigm. Gaze-assisted interaction serves as a contextual, non-invasive, and explicit…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Vijay Rajanna , Tracy Hammond

We present our current research on the implementation of gaze as an efficient and usable pointing modality supplementary to speech, for interacting with augmented objects in our daily environment or large displays, especially immersive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-08-28 Daniel Gepner , Jérôme Simonin , Noëlle Carbonell

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Gaze-tracking is a novel way of interacting with computers which allows new scenarios, such as enabling people with motor-neuron disabilities to control their computers or doctors to interact with patient information without touching screen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jatin Sharma , Jon Campbell , Pete Ansell , Jay Beavers , Christopher O'Dowd

Gaze-based interaction techniques have created significant interest in the field of spatial interaction. Many of these methods require additional input modalities, such as hand gestures (e.g., gaze coupled with pinch). Those can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tim Rolff , Jenny Gabel , Lauren Zerbin , Niklas Hypki , Susanne Schmidt , Markus Lappe , Frank Steinicke
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