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The development of autonomous tool-use agents for complex, long-horizon tasks in collaboration with human users has become the frontier of agentic research. During multi-turn Human-AI interactions, the dynamic and uncertain nature of user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

The dominant paradigm for improving mathematical reasoning in language models relies on Reinforcement Learning with verifiable rewards. Yet existing methods treat each problem instance in isolation without leveraging the reusable strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yu Li , Rui Miao , Zhengling Qi , Tian Lan

In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fei Bai , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Zheng Liu , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show significant potential for achieving high autonomy in various scenarios such as software development. Recent research has shown that LLM agents can leverage past experiences to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Chen Qian , Jiahao Li , Yufan Dang , Wei Liu , YiFei Wang , Zihao Xie , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Yingli Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

There are two main barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in clinical reasoning. Firstly, while LLMs exhibit significant promise in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, their performance in complex reasoning and planning falls…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shengxin Hong , Liang Xiao , Xin Zhang , Jianxia Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have improved significantly in their reasoning through extensive training on massive datasets. However, relying solely on additional data for improvement is becoming increasingly impractical, highlighting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gaurav Srivastava , Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Xuan Wang

According to cognitive psychology and related disciplines, the development of complex problem-solving behaviour in biological agents depends on hierarchical cognitive mechanisms. Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Manfred Eppe , Christian Gumbsch , Matthias Kerzel , Phuong D. H. Nguyen , Martin V. Butz , Stefan Wermter

Large language models are increasingly deployed as multi-agent systems, where specialized roles communicate and collaborate through structured interactions to solve complex tasks that often exceed the capacity of a single agent. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yimeng Wang , Jiaxing Zhao , Hongbin Xie , Hexing Ma , Yuzhen Lei , Shuangxue Liu , Xuan Song , Zichen Zhang , Haoran Zhang

Multi-agent reasoning has shown promise for improving the problem-solving ability of large language models by allowing multiple agents to explore diverse reasoning paths. However, most existing multi-agent methods rely on inference-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hyunmin Hwang , Jaemin Kim , Choonghan Kim , Hangeol Chang , Jong Chul Ye

Software Engineering (SE) agents have shown promising abilities in supporting various SE tasks. Current SE agents remain fundamentally reactive, making decisions mainly based on conversation history and the most recent response. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Tse-Hsun , Chen

Equipping large language models (LLMs) with complex, interleaved reasoning and tool-use capabilities has become a key focus in agentic AI research, especially with recent advances in reasoning-oriented (``thinking'') models. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Shrey Pandit , Revanth Gangi Reddy , Austin Xu , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced tool-augmented agents, enabling autonomous reasoning via API interactions. However, executing multi-step tasks within massive tool libraries remains challenging due to two critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rongzhe Wei , Ge Shi , Min Cheng , Na Zhang , Pan Li , Sarthak Ghosh , Vaibhav Gorde , Leman Akoglu

The rapid evolution of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) toward multimodal, high-stakes enterprise applications has outpaced the development of domain specific evaluation benchmarks. Existing datasets often rely on general-domain corpora…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chandan Kumar Sahu , Premith Kumar Chilukuri , Matthew Hetrich

Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have significantly enhanced language models' capabilities in complex problem-solving by emulating human-like deliberative thinking. However, these models often exhibit overthinking (i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yang Deng , Xingyu Sui , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Large language model (LLM) based recommendation agents personalize what they know through evolving per-user semantic memory, yet how they reason remains a universal, static system prompt shared identically across all users. This asymmetry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Tao , Riwei Lai , Chenyun Yu , Weixin Chen , Li Chen , Beibei Kong , Lei Cheng , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , Qingqiang Sun

Machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly crucial in many fields of engineering but has not yet played out its full potential in bioprocess engineering. While experimentation has been accelerated by increasing levels of lab automation,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating scientific discovery, yet their static knowledge and hallucination issues hinder autonomous research applications. Recent advances integrate LLMs into agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zeyu Xia , Jinzhe Ma , Congjie Zheng , Shufei Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Hang Su , P. Hu , Changshui Zhang , Xingao Gong , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Dongzhan Zhou , Mao Su

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, where the LLM's ability to generate responses based on the combination of a given query and retrieved documents is crucial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Lei Liu , Jie Feng , Duolin Sun , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Collaborative information from user-item interactions is a fundamental source of signal in successful recommender systems. Recently, researchers have attempted to incorporate this knowledge into large language model-based recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Ali Montazeralghaem