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Topological quantum error correction is a milestone in the scaling roadmap of quantum computers, which targets circuits with trillions of gates that would allow running quantum algorithms for real-world problems. The square-lattice surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 César Benito , Esperanza López , Borja Peropadre , Alejandro Bermudez

Bosonic quantum error correction is a viable option for realizing error-corrected quantum information processing in continuous-variable bosonic systems. Various single-mode bosonic quantum error-correcting codes such as cat, binomial, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-14 Kyungjoo Noh , Christopher Chamberland

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are capable of achieving excellent performance and provide a useful alternative for high performance applications. However, at medium to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), an observable error floor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-17 C. T. Healy , R. C. de Lamare

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Fault-tolerant quantum computing based on surface codes has emerged as a popular route to large-scale quantum computers capable of accurate computation even in the presence of noise. Its popularity is, in part, because the fault-tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-04 Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

The preparation of a quantum state using a noisy quantum computer (gate noise strength $\delta$), will necessarily affect an O($\delta$)-fraction of the qubits, no matter which protocol is used. Here, we show that fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Recently, a class of fractal surface codes (FSCs), has been constructed on fractal lattices with Hausdorff dimension $2+\epsilon$, which admits a fault-tolerant non-Clifford CCZ gate. We investigate the performance of such FSCs as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Arpit Dua , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Guanyu Zhu

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising approach for realizing low-overhead logical quantum memories. Recent theoretical developments have established shift automorphisms as a fundamental building block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Younghun Kim , Spiro Gicev , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Generation of logical zero states encoded with a quantum error-correcting code is the first step for fault-tolerant quantum computation, but requires considerably large resource overheads in general. To reduce such overheads, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Hayato Goto , Yinghao Ho , Taro Kanao

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

The essential requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is the total protocol design to achieve a fair balance of all the critical factors relevant to its practical realization, such as the space overhead, the threshold, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Satoshi Yoshida , Shiro Tamiya , Hayata Yamasaki

The performance of quantum error correction schemes depends sensitively on the physical realizations of the qubits and the implementations of various operations. For example, in quantum dot spin qubits, readout is typically much slower than…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

High-rate quantum error correcting (QEC) codes with moderate overheads in qubit number and control complexity are highly desirable for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recently, quantum error correction has experienced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Laura Pecorari , Sven Jandura , Gavin K. Brennen , Guido Pupillo

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems which are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation quantum computers must correct errors occurring due to unavoidable decoherence and limited…

In fault-tolerant quantum computing, quantum algorithms are implemented through quantum circuits capable of error correction. These circuits are typically constructed based on specific quantum error correction codes, with consideration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Ying Li

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

Fast, scalable decoding architectures that operate in a block-wise parallel fashion across space and time are essential for real-time fault-tolerant quantum computing. We introduce a scalable AI-based pre-decoder for the surface code that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Christopher Chamberland , Jan Olle , Muyuan Li , Scott Thornton , Igor Baratta