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As an emerging technology and a relatively affordable device, the 4D imaging radar has already been confirmed effective in performing 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Nevertheless, the sparsity and noisiness of 4D radar point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Weiyi Xiong , Jianan Liu , Tao Huang , Qing-Long Han , Yuxuan Xia , Bing Zhu

Lidar-based object detectors are critical parts of the 3D perception pipeline in autonomous navigation systems such as self-driving cars. However, they are known to be sensitive to adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow and fog due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Velat Kilic , Deepti Hegde , Vishwanath Sindagi , A. Brinton Cooper , Mark A. Foster , Vishal M. Patel

Autonomous driving systems are highly dependent on sensors like cameras, LiDAR, and inertial measurement units (IMU) to perceive the environment and estimate their motion. Among these sensors, perception-based sensors are not protected from…

Environmental perception with the multi-modal fusion of radar and camera is crucial in autonomous driving to increase accuracy, completeness, and robustness. This paper focuses on utilizing millimeter-wave (MMW) radar and camera sensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Taohua Zhou , Yining Shi , Junjie Chen , Kun Jiang , Mengmeng Yang , Diange Yang

This study introduces PEFT-DML, a parameter-efficient deep metric learning framework for robust multi-modal 3D object detection in autonomous driving. Unlike conventional models that assume fixed sensor availability, PEFT-DML maps diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Abdolazim Rezaei , Mehdi Sookhak

Low-cost millimeter automotive radar has received more and more attention due to its ability to handle adverse weather and lighting conditions in autonomous driving. However, the lack of quality datasets hinders research and development. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Peili Song , Dezhen Song , Yifan Yang , Enfan Lan , Jingtai Liu

Scene understanding plays an essential role in enabling autonomous driving and maintaining high standards of performance and safety. To address this task, cameras and laser scanners (LiDARs) have been the most commonly used sensors, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yahia Dalbah , Jean Lahoud , Hisham Cholakkal

This project aims to develop a system to run the object detection model under low power consumption conditions. The detection scene is set as an outdoor traveling scene, and the detection categories include people and vehicles. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Jiyue Jiang , Mingtong Chen , Zhengbao Yang

4D millimeter-wave radar has emerged as a promising sensing modality for autonomous driving due to its robustness and affordability. However, its sparse and weak geometric cues make reliable instance activation difficult, limiting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xiaokai Bai , Lianqing Zheng , Si-Yuan Cao , Xiaohan Zhang , Zhe Wu , Beinan Yu , Fang Wang , Jie Bai , Hui-Liang Shen

Accurate robot odometry is essential for autonomous navigation. While numerous techniques have been developed based on various sensor suites, odometry estimation using only radar and IMU remains an underexplored area. Radar proves…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lucia Coto Elena , Fernando Caballero , Luis Merino

There are various automotive applications that rely on correctly interpreting point cloud data recorded with radar sensors. We present a deep learning approach for histogram-based processing of such point clouds. Compared to existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Maxim Tatarchenko , Kilian Rambach

Autonomous vehicles are conceived to provide safe and secure services by validating the safety standards as indicated by SOTIF-ISO/PAS-21448 (Safety of the intended functionality). Keeping in this context, the perception of the environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Moongu Jeon

Non-contact radar-based human sensing is often interpreted using simplified motion assumptions. However, respiration induces non-rigid surface deformation of the human body that impacts electromagnetic wave scattering and can degrade the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Guangqi Shi , Kimitaka Sumi , Takuya Sakamoto

Millimeter wave (mmWave) sensing is an emerging technology with applications in 3D object characterization and environment mapping. However, realizing precise 3D reconstruction from sparse mmWave signals remains challenging. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xingyu Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Qiyue Xia , Xinmin Fang , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Zhengxiong Li

Modern autonomous vehicle perception systems often struggle with occlusions and limited perception range. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cooperative perception in extending the perception range and overcoming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lei Yang , Xinyu Zhang , Jun Li , Chen Wang , Jiaqi Ma , Zhiying Song , Tong Zhao , Ziying Song , Li Wang , Mo Zhou , Yang Shen , Kai Wu , Chen Lv

Algorithms for autonomous navigation in environments without Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coverage mainly rely on onboard perception systems. These systems commonly incorporate sensors like cameras and Light Detection and…

Conventional SLAM systems using visual or LiDAR data often struggle in poor lighting and severe weather. Although 4D radar is suited for such environments, its sparse and noisy point clouds hinder accurate odometry estimation, while the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Zhiheng Li , Weihua Wang , Qiang Shen , Yichen Zhao , Zheng Fang

Human detection and tracking is an essential task for service robots, where the combined use of multiple sensors has potential advantages that are yet to be exploited. In this paper, we introduce a framework allowing a robot to learn a new…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Zhi Yan , Li Sun , Tom Duckett , Nicola Bellotto

Automotive radar provides reliable environmental perception in all-weather conditions with affordable cost, but it hardly supplies semantic and geometry information due to the sparsity of radar detection points. With the development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Jianan Liu , Weiyi Xiong , Liping Bai , Yuxuan Xia , Tao Huang , Wanli Ouyang , Bing Zhu

In the field of detection and ranging, multiple complementary sensing modalities may be used to enrich the information obtained from a dynamic scene. One application of this sensor fusion is in public security and surveillance, whose…