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Autonomous radar has been an integral part of advanced driver assistance systems due to its robustness to adverse weather and various lighting conditions. Conventional automotive radars use digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Xu Dong , Pengluo Wang , Pengyue Zhang , Langechuan Liu

Object detection in thermal infrared spectrum provides more reliable data source in low-lighting conditions and different weather conditions, as it is useful both in-cabin and outside for pedestrian, animal, and vehicular detection as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Muhammad Ali Farooq , Peter Corcoran , Cosmin Rotariu , Waseem Shariff

Accurate depth estimation is fundamental to 3D perception in autonomous driving, supporting tasks such as detection, tracking, and motion planning. However, monocular camera-based 3D detection suffers from depth ambiguity and reduced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Chen-Chou Lo , Patrick Vandewalle

Radar and camera fusion yields robustness in perception tasks by leveraging the strength of both sensors. The typical extracted radar point cloud is 2D without height information due to insufficient antennas along the elevation axis, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Huawei Sun , Hao Feng , Gianfranco Mauro , Julius Ott , Georg Stettinger , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

Just as humans can become disoriented in featureless deserts or thick fogs, not all environments are conducive to the Localization Accuracy and Stability (LAS) of autonomous robots. This paper introduces an efficient framework designed to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kaixin Chai , Long Xu , Qianhao Wang , Chao Xu , Peng Yin , Fei Gao

Robust and accurate sensing is of critical importance for advancing autonomous automotive systems. The need to acquire situational awareness in complex urban conditions using sensors such as radar has motivated research on power and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Madhumitha Sakthi , Ahmed Tewfik , Marius Arvinte , Haris Vikalo

This paper presents a lidar-only state estimation and tracking framework, along with a roadside sensing unit for integration with existing urban infrastructure. Urban deployments demand scalable, real-time tracking solutions, yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Simon Schäfer , Bassam Alrifaee , Ehsan Hashemi

Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has been widely used in autonomous vehicles for perception and localization. However, the cost of a high-resolution LiDAR is still prohibitively expensive, while its low-resolution counterpart is much…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Lin Bai , Yiming Zhao , Xinming Huang

The integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers transformative opportunities for public health informatics in urban safety and pedestrian well-being. This paper proposes a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Nawfal Guefrachi , Jian Shi , Hakim Ghazzai , Ahmad Alsharoa

In this paper, a multi-modal 360$^{\circ}$ framework for 3D object detection and tracking for autonomous vehicles is presented. The process is divided into four main stages. First, images are fed into a CNN network to obtain instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jorge Beltrán , Carlos Guindel , Irene Cortés , Alejandro Barrera , Armando Astudillo , Jesús Urdiales , Mario Álvarez , Farid Bekka , Vicente Milanés , Fernando García

Recent advances in 4D imaging radar have enabled robust perception in adverse weather, while camera sensors provide dense semantic information. Fusing the these complementary modalities has great potential for cost-effective 3D perception.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xiaozhi Li , Huijun Di , Jian Li , Feng Liu , Wei Liang

Accurate 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) is vital for autonomous vehicles, yet LiDAR and camera-based methods degrade in adverse weather. Meanwhile, Radar-based solutions remain robust but often suffer from limited vertical resolution and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Dong-In Kim , Dong-Hee Paek , Seung-Hyun Song , Seung-Hyun Kong

3D object detection is essential for autonomous driving. As an emerging sensor, 4D imaging radar offers advantages as low cost, long-range detection, and accurate velocity measurement, making it highly suitable for object detection.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiaozhi Li , Huijun Di , Jian Li , Feng Liu , Wei Liang

The reliable detection of unauthorized individuals in safety-critical industrial indoor spaces is crucial to avoid plant shutdowns, property damage, and personal hazards. Conventional vision-based methods that use deep-learning approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dennis Basile , Dennis Sprute , Helene Dörksen , Holger Flatt

Existing Human Motion Prediction (HMP) methods based on RGB-D cameras are sensitive to lighting conditions and raise privacy concerns, limiting their real-world applications such as firefighting and healthcare. Motivated by the robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Junqiao Fan , Haocong Rao , Jiarui Zhang , Jianfei Yang , Lihua Xie

High-resolution radar sensors are able to resolve multiple detections per object and therefore provide valuable information for vehicle environment perception. For instance, multiple detections allow to infer the size of an object or to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-29 Alexander Scheel , Klaus Dietmayer

Accurate perception of dynamic obstacles is essential for autonomous robot navigation in indoor environments. Although sophisticated 3D object detection and tracking methods have been investigated and developed thoroughly in the fields of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zhefan Xu , Haoyu Shen , Xinming Han , Hanyu Jin , Kanlong Ye , Kenji Shimada

The 4D Millimeter wave (mmWave) radar is a promising technology for vehicle sensing due to its cost-effectiveness and operability in adverse weather conditions. However, the adoption of this technology has been hindered by sparsity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jianan Liu , Qiuchi Zhao , Weiyi Xiong , Tao Huang , Qing-Long Han , Bing Zhu

Focusing on the strength of 4D (4-Dimensional) radar, research about robust 3D object detection networks in adverse weather conditions has gained attention. To train such networks, datasets that contain large amounts of 4D radar data and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Min-Hyeok Sun , Dong-Hee Paek , Seung-Hyun Song , Seung-Hyun Kong

Human pose estimation (HPE) from Radio Frequency vision (RF-vision) performs human sensing using RF signals that penetrate obstacles without revealing privacy (e.g., facial information). Recently, mmWave radar has emerged as a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Junqiao Fan , Jianfei Yang , Yuecong Xu , Lihua Xie