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Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are rapidly emerging as a powerful and promising alternative to the dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm. By generating tokens in parallel through an iterative denoising process, DLMs possess inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tianyi Li , Mingda Chen , Bowei Guo , Zhiqiang Shen

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

Current language models demonstrate remarkable proficiency in text generation. However, for many applications it is desirable to control attributes, such as sentiment, or toxicity, of the generated language -- ideally tailored towards each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Yiwei Chen , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Autoregressive models are a class of generative model that probabilistically predict the next output of a sequence based on previous inputs. The autoregressive sequence is by definition one-dimensional (1D), which is natural for language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yi Hong Teoh , Roger G. Melko

Autoregressive models (ARMs) have become the workhorse for sequence generation tasks, since many problems can be modeled as next-token prediction. While there appears to be a natural ordering for text (i.e., left-to-right), for many data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhe Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Nicolas Heess , Arthur Gretton , Michalis K. Titsias

Humans excel at discovering regular structures from limited samples and applying inferred rules to novel settings. We investigate whether modern generative models can similarly learn underlying rules from finite samples and perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Binxu Wang , Jiaqi Shang , Haim Sompolinsky

Diffusion language models hold the promise of fast parallel generation, while autoregressive (AR) models typically excel in quality due to their causal structure aligning naturally with language modeling. This raises a fundamental question:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jingyu Liu , Xin Dong , Zhifan Ye , Rishabh Mehta , Yonggan Fu , Vartika Singh , Jan Kautz , Ce Zhang , Pavlo Molchanov

Autoregressive (AR) language models enforce a fixed left-to-right generation order, creating a fundamental limitation when the required output structure conflicts with natural reasoning (e.g., producing answers before explanations due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Longxuan Yu , Yu Fu , Shaorong Zhang , Hui Liu , Mukund Varma T , Greg Ver Steeg , Yue Dong

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently demonstrated capabilities that complement standard autoregressive (AR) models, particularly in non-sequential generation and bidirectional editing. Although recent work has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Alexis Fox , Anru R. Zhang , Alexander Tong

Controllable generation, which enables fine-grained control over generated outputs, has emerged as a critical focus in visual generative models. Currently, there are two primary technical approaches in visual generation: diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ziyu Yao , Jialin Li , Yifeng Zhou , Yong Liu , Xi Jiang , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng , Yuexian Zou , Lei Li

Recent progress in controllable image generation and editing is largely driven by diffusion-based methods. Although diffusion models perform exceptionally well in specific tasks with tailored designs, establishing a unified model is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Jiteng Mu , Nuno Vasconcelos , Xiaolong Wang

In arbitrary-order language models, it is an open question how to sample tokens in parallel from the correct joint distribution. With discrete diffusion models, the more tokens they generate in parallel, the less their predicted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Gabe Guo , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion models promise efficient parallel text generation but rely on bidirectional attention, creating a structural mismatch with pre-trained Autoregressive (AR) models. This incompatibility precludes reusing robust AR priors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiangyu Ma , Teng Xiao , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

Composing autoregressive models remains a core challenge in understanding how large language models can combine behaviors or skills learned across tasks. We introduce a new and principled composition strategy for autoregressive systems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aakash Kumar , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Emanuele Natale

One of the most compelling features of global discrete diffusion language models is their global bidirectional contextual capability. However, existing block-based diffusion studies tend to introduce autoregressive priors, which, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Linrui Ma , Yufei Cui , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Discrete diffusion models have recently become competitive with autoregressive models for language modeling, even outperforming them on reasoning tasks requiring planning and global coherence, but they require more computation at inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Andre He , Sean Welleck , Daniel Fried

Autoregressive models have demonstrated remarkable success in sequential data generation, particularly in NLP, but their extension to continuous-domain image generation presents significant challenges. Recent work, the masked autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tiankai Hang , Jianmin Bao , Fangyun Wei , Dong Chen

Diffusion models have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models in modeling discrete categorical data. However, diffusion models that directly work on discrete data space fail to fully exploit the power of iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jaehyeong Jo , Sung Ju Hwang

Non-autoregressive (NAR) text generation has attracted much attention in the field of natural language processing, which greatly reduces the inference latency but has to sacrifice the generation accuracy. Recently, diffusion models, a class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yifan Li , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Diffusion-based decoding has recently emerged as an appealing alternative to autoregressive (AR) generation, offering the potential to update multiple tokens in parallel and reduce latency. However, diffusion vision language models (dVLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Lunbin Zeng , Jingfeng Yao , Bencheng Liao , Hongyuan Tao , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang