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Long-context ability, has become one of the most important iteration direction of next-generation Large Language Models, particularly in semantic understanding/reasoning, code agentic intelligence and recommendation system. However, the…

Softmax Self-Attention (SSA) is a key component of Transformer architectures. However, when utilised within skipless architectures, which aim to improve representation learning, recent work has highlighted the inherent instability of SSA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Leo Zhang , James Martens

Current state-of-the-art object-centric models use slots and attention-based routing for binding. However, this class of models has several conceptual limitations: the number of slots is hardwired; all slots have equal capacity; training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Aleksandar Stanić , Anand Gopalakrishnan , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

The attention mechanism is a core component of the Transformer architecture. Various methods have been developed to compute attention scores, including multi-head attention (MHA), multi-query attention, group-query attention and so on. We…

Video Object-Centric Learning seeks to decompose raw videos into a small set of object slots, but existing slot-attention models often suffer from severe over-fragmentation. This is because the model is implicitly encouraged to occupy all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 WonJun Moon , Hyun Seok Seong , Jae-Pil Heo

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a key component of smart devices, enabling efficient and intuitive audio interaction. However, standard KWS systems deployed on embedded devices often suffer performance degradation under real-world operating…

Visual Question Answering (VQA) models employ attention mechanisms to discover image locations that are most relevant for answering a specific question. For this purpose, several multimodal fusion strategies have been proposed, ranging from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Moshiur R Farazi , Salman H Khan , Nick Barnes

Unsupervised object discovery is becoming an essential line of research for tackling recognition problems that require decomposing an image into entities, such as semantic segmentation and object detection. Recently, object-centric methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Rishav Pramanik , José-Fabian Villa-Vásquez , Marco Pedersoli

Attention calculation is extremely time-consuming for long-sequence inference tasks, such as text or image/video generation, in large models. To accelerate this process, we developed a low-precision, mathematically-equivalent algorithm…

Current object-centric learning models such as the popular SlotAttention architecture allow for unsupervised visual scene decomposition. Our novel MusicSlots method adapts SlotAttention to the audio domain, to achieve unsupervised music…

Object-centric representations are a promising path toward more systematic generalization by providing flexible abstractions upon which compositional world models can be built. Recent work on simple 2D and 3D datasets has shown that models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Thomas Kipf , Gamaleldin F. Elsayed , Aravindh Mahendran , Austin Stone , Sara Sabour , Georg Heigold , Rico Jonschkowski , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Klaus Greff

Unconditional scene inference and generation are challenging to learn jointly with a single compositional model. Despite encouraging progress on models that extract object-centric representations (''slots'') from images, unconditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Patrick Emami , Pan He , Sanjay Ranka , Anand Rangarajan

Object-centric slot attention is an emerging paradigm for unsupervised learning of structured, interpretable object-centric representations (slots). This enables effective reasoning about objects and events at a low computational cost and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Guiqiu Liao , Matjaz Jogan , Marcel Hussing , Edward Zhang , Eric Eaton , Daniel A. Hashimoto

Developing deep learning models that effectively learn object-centric representations, akin to human cognition, remains a challenging task. Existing approaches facilitate object discovery by representing objects as fixed-size vectors,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Aniket Didolkar , Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio

We propose a variational quantum implementation of self-attention (QSA), the core operation in transformers and large language models, which predicts future elements of a sequence by forming overlap-weighted combinations of past data. At…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Alessio Pecilli , Matteo Rosati

Unsupervised object-centric learning from videos is a promising approach to extract structured representations from large, unlabeled collections of videos. To support downstream tasks like autonomous control, these representations must be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Anna Manasyan , Maximilian Seitzer , Filip Radovic , Georg Martius , Andrii Zadaianchuk

In recent years, attention mechanisms have significantly enhanced the performance of object detection by focusing on key feature information. However, prevalent methods still encounter difficulties in effectively balancing local and global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yifan Shao

Object-centric scene decompositions are important representations for downstream tasks in fields such as computer vision and robotics. The recently proposed Slot Attention module, already leveraged by several derivative works for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Markus Krimmel , Jan Achterhold , Joerg Stueckler

Modern Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) present complex layouts where multiple elements compete for visibility. Attention modelling is crucial for optimising web design and computational advertising, whereas attention metrics can inform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Mario Villaizán-Vallelado , Matteo Salvatori , Kayhan Latifzadeh , Antonio Penta , Luis A. Leiva , Ioannis Arapakis

Attention within windows has been widely explored in vision transformers to balance the performance, computation complexity, and memory footprint. However, current models adopt a hand-crafted fixed-size window design, which restricts their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Qiming Zhang , Yufei Xu , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao