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Users readily embrace the rapid advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology within various everyday contexts, such as gaming, social interactions, shopping, and commerce. In order to facilitate transactions and payments, VR systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jingjie Li , Sunpreet Singh Arora , Kassem Fawaz , Younghyun Kim , Can Liu , Sebastian Meiser , Mohsen Minaei , Maliheh Shirvanian , Kim Wagner

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies offer immersive experiences but collect substantial user data. While deceptive design is well-studied in 2D platforms, little is known about its manifestation in VR environments and its impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hilda Hadan , Michaela Valiquette , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

Virtual reality (VR) is a multibillionaire market that keeps growing, year after year. As VR is becoming prevalent in households and small businesses, it is critical to address the effects that this technology might have on the privacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Alberto Giaretta

Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) applications leverage various sensors to provide immersive user experiences. However, their reliance on diverse data sources introduces significant privacy challenges. This paper investigates user perceptions…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Viktorija Paneva , Verena Winterhalter , Franziska Augustinowski , Florian Alt

Virtual reality (VR), while enhancing user experiences, introduces significant privacy risks. This paper reveals a novel vulnerability in VR systems that allows attackers to capture VR privacy through obstacles utilizing millimeter-wave…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Luoyu Mei , Ruofeng Liu , Zhimeng Yin , Qingchuan Zhao , Wenchao Jiang , Shuai Wang , Kangjie Lu , Tian He

The adoption of virtual reality (VR) technologies has rapidly gained momentum in recent years as companies around the world begin to position the so-called "metaverse" as the next major medium for accessing and interacting with the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Vivek Nair , Dawn Song

This position paper explores the possibilities and challenges of using Virtual Reality (VR) in remote user studies. Highlighting the immersive nature of VR, the paper identifies key vulnerabilities, including varying technical proficiency,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Viktorija Paneva , Florian Alt

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is rapidly growing in recent years. VR devices such as Meta Quest 3 utilize numerous sensors to collect users' data to provide an immersive experience. Due to the extensive data collection and the immersive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vamsi Shankar Simhadri , Yichang Xiong , Habiba Farrukh , Xiaokuan Zhang

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become increasingly popular in recent years as a key enabler of the Metaverse. VR applications have unique characteristics, including the revolutionized human-computer interaction mechanisms, that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuqing Li , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Shing-Chi Cheung , Michael R. Lyu

Commercial Virtual Reality (VR) transforms people's virtual experiences but introduces deceptive design opportunities that threaten user privacy. Although privacy deceptive patterns on 2D platforms are well-documented, their impacts in VR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hilda Hadan , Michaela Valiquette , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

As technology and technology companies have grown in power, ubiquity, and societal influence, some companies -- and notably some mobile apps -- have come to be perceived as privacy threats. Prior work has considered how various factors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jenny Tang , Hannah Shoemaker , Leah Teffera , Eleanor Birrell , Ada Lerner

Virtual Reality (VR) techniques, serving as the bridge between the real and virtual worlds, have boomed and are widely used in manufacturing, remote healthcare, gaming, etc. Specifically, VR systems offer users immersive experiences that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yancheng Jiang , Yan Jiang , Ruochen Zhou , Yi-Chao Chen , Xiaoyu Ji , Wenyuan Xu

The metaverse is a nascent concept that envisions a virtual universe, a collaborative space where individuals can interact, create, and participate in a wide range of activities. Privacy in the metaverse is a critical concern as the concept…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mahdi Alkaeed , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir

The latest developments in computer hardware, sensor technologies, and artificial intelligence can make virtual reality (VR) and virtual spaces an important part of human everyday life. Eye tracking offers not only a hands-free way of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Efe Bozkir , Süleyman Özdel , Mengdi Wang , Brendan David-John , Hong Gao , Kevin Butler , Eakta Jain , Enkelejda Kasneci

User privacy is a crucial concern in robotic applications, especially when mobile service robots are deployed in personal or sensitive environments. However, many robotic downstream tasks require the use of cameras, which may raise privacy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xuying Huang , Sicong Pan , Maren Bennewitz

Virtual reality (VR) telepresence applications and the so-called "metaverse" promise to be the next major medium of human-computer interaction. However, with recent studies demonstrating the ease at which VR users can be profiled and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vivek Nair , Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Dawn Song

Augmented reality (AR) systems pose unique privacy risks due to their continuous capture of visual data. Existing AR privacy frameworks lack semantic understanding of visual content, limiting their effectiveness in detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jialu Liu , Yao Li , Zhuoheng Li , Huining Li , Ying Chen

Virtual Reality (VR) systems collect fine-grained behavioral and biometric data, yet privacy policies are rarely read or understood due to their complex language, length, and poor integration into users' interaction workflows. To lower the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vincent Freiberger , Moritz Dresch , Florian Alt , Arthur Fleig , Viktorija Paneva

Wearable devices, or "wearables," bring great benefits but also potential risks that could expose users' activities with- out their awareness or consent. In this paper, we report findings from the first large-scale survey conducted to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-04-23 Linda Lee , Serge Egelman , Joong Hwa Lee , David Wagner

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev