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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various software applications raises concerns about their potential biases. Typically, those models are trained on a vast amount of data scrapped from forums, websites, social media and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sergio Morales , Robert Clarisó , Jordi Cabot

Financial statement auditing is essential for stakeholders to understand a company's financial health, yet current manual processes are inefficient and error-prone. Even with extensive verification procedures, auditors frequently miss…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Weijie Zhao , Shenglan Li , Denghui Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) reproduce social biases, yet prevailing evaluations score models in isolation, obscuring how biases persist across families and releases. We introduce Bias Similarity Measurement (BSM), which treats fairness as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hyejun Jeong , Shiqing Ma , Amir Houmansadr

Large Language Models(LLMs) have revolutionized various applications in natural language processing (NLP) by providing unprecedented text generation, translation, and comprehension capabilities. However, their widespread deployment has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Rajesh Ranjan , Shailja Gupta , Surya Narayan Singh

Over the last year, Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have become widely available and have exhibited fairness issues similar to those in previous machine learning systems. Current research is primarily focused on analyzing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Anna Kruspe

The objectives that Large Language Models (LLMs) implicitly optimize remain dangerously opaque, making trustworthy alignment and auditing a grand challenge. While Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) can infer reward functions from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Matthieu Bou , Nyal Patel , Arjun Jagota , Satyapriya Krishna , Sonali Parbhoo

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated for political bias based on their responses to fixed questionnaires, which typically place frontier models on the political left. A parallel literature shows that LLMs are sycophantic:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Petter Törnberg , Michelle Schimmel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown powerful performance and development prospects and are widely deployed in the real world. However, LLMs can capture social biases from unprocessed training data and propagate the biases to downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yingji Li , Mengnan Du , Rui Song , Xin Wang , Ying Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) used in creative workflows can reinforce stereotypes and perpetuate inequities, making fairness auditing essential. Existing methods rely on constrained tasks and fixed benchmarks, leaving open-ended creative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongliu Cao , Eoin Thomas , Rodrigo Acuna Agost

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into software systems, offering powerful capabilities but also raising concerns about fairness. Existing fairness benchmarks, however, focus on stereotype-specific associations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gianmario Voria , Martina De Lucia , Alessandra Raia , Andrea De Lucia , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba

Due to the implement of guardrails by developers, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in explicit bias tests. However, bias in LLMs may occur not only explicitly, but also implicitly, much like humans who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinru Lin , Luyang Li

While the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have been studied in both Simplified and Traditional Chinese, it is yet unclear whether LLMs exhibit differential performance when prompted in these two variants of written Chinese.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanjia Lyu , Jiebo Luo , Jian Kang , Allison Koenecke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising solutions for a variety of medical and clinical decision support applications. However, LLMs are often subject to different types of biases, which can lead to unfair treatment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

As libraries explore large language models (LLMs) as a scalable layer for reference services, a core fairness question follows: can LLM-based services support all patrons fairly, regardless of demographic identity? While LLMs offer great…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Haining Wang , Jason Clark , Angelica Peña

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become widely used to model and simulate human behavior, understanding their biases becomes critical. We developed an experimental framework using Big Five personality surveys and uncovered a previously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Aadesh Salecha , Molly E. Ireland , Shashanka Subrahmanya , João Sedoc , Lyle H. Ungar , Johannes C. Eichstaedt

Large language models (LLMs) are the foundation of the current successes of artificial intelligence (AI), however, they are unavoidably biased. To effectively communicate the risks and encourage mitigation efforts these models need adequate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Carolin M. Schuster , Maria-Alexandra Dinisor , Shashwat Ghatiwala , Georg Groh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to exhibit social, demographic, and gender biases, often as a consequence of the data on which they are trained. In this work, we adopt a mechanistic interpretability approach to analyze how such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Bhavik Chandna , Zubair Bashir , Procheta Sen

Researchers have proposed the use of generative large language models (LLMs) to label data for research and applied settings. This literature emphasizes the improved performance of these models relative to other natural language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Megan A. Brown , Shubham Atreja , Libby Hemphill , Patrick Y. Wu

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

In the current rapidly changing digital environment, businesses are under constant stress to ensure that their systems are secured. Security audits help to maintain a strong security posture by ensuring that policies are in place, controls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jia Hui Chin , Pu Zhang , Yu Xin Cheong , Jonathan Pan