English
Related papers

Related papers: A Scalable Entity-Based Framework for Auditing Bia…

200 papers

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from standalone chat interfaces to foundational reasoning layers in multi-agent systems and recursive evaluation loops (LLM-as-a-judge), the detection of durable, provider-level behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Dusan Bosnjakovic

We explore the internal mechanisms of how bias emerges in large language models (LLMs) when provided with ambiguous comparative prompts: inputs that compare or enforce choosing between two or more entities without providing clear context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rishabh Adiga , Besmira Nushi , Varun Chandrasekaran

With the evolution of large language models (LLMs), their robustness against individual simple biases has been enhanced. However, we observe that the ensemble of multiple simple biases still exerts a significant adverse impact on LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhouhao Sun , Zhiyuan Kan , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Bibo Cai , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Manufacturing quality audits are pivotal for ensuring high product standards in mass production environments. Traditional auditing processes, however, are labor-intensive and reliant on human expertise, posing challenges in maintaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xu Yao , Xiaoxu Wu , Xi Li , Huan Xu , Chenlei Li , Ping Huang , Si Li , Xiaoning Ma , Jiulong Shan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

The Large Language Model Bias Index (LLMBI) is a pioneering approach designed to quantify and address biases inherent in large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4. We recognise the increasing prevalence and impact of LLMs across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Abiodun Finbarrs Oketunji , Muhammad Anas , Deepthi Saina

This paper presents a systematic analysis of biases in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs), across gender, religion, and race. Our study evaluates bias in smaller-scale Llama and Gemma models using the SALT ($\textbf{S}$ocial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Samee Arif , Zohaib Khan , Maaidah Kaleem , Suhaib Rashid , Agha Ali Raza , Awais Athar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated text annotation in tasks ranging from academic research to content moderation and hiring. Across 19 LLMs and two experiments totaling more than 4 million annotation judgments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Petter Törnberg

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making tasks where they can amplify or suppress perspectives, raising concerns in high-stakes settings affecting autistic communities. While previous research has identified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Naba Rizvi , Harper Strickland , Saleha Ahmedi , Nedjma Ousidhoum

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit systematic biases across demographic groups. Auditing is proposed as an accountability tool for black-box LLM applications, but suffers from resource-intensive query access. We conceptualise auditing as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 David Hartmann , Lena Pohlmann , Lelia Hanslik , Noah Gießing , Bettina Berendt , Pieter Delobelle

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

Large language models (LLMs) can pass explicit social bias tests but still harbor implicit biases, similar to humans who endorse egalitarian beliefs yet exhibit subtle biases. Measuring such implicit biases can be a challenge: as LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xuechunzi Bai , Angelina Wang , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to generate code for human-centered applications where demographic fairness is critical. However, existing evaluations focus almost exclusively on functional correctness, leaving social…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Fazle Rabbi , Lin Ling , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

In this paper, we cover approaches to systematically govern, assess and quantify bias across the complete life cycle of machine learning models, from initial development and validation to ongoing production monitoring and guardrail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Alok Abhishek , Lisa Erickson , Tushar Bandopadhyay

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive potential in helping with numerous medical challenges. Deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as medicine, however, brings in many concerns. One major area of concern relates to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hamed Fayyaz , Raphael Poulain , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are susceptible to generating biased and discriminatory responses. As LLMs increasingly influence high-stakes decision-making (e.g., hiring and healthcare), mitigating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jingling Li , Zeyu Tang , Xiaoyu Liu , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang , Liu Leqi , Yang Liu

From disinformation spread by AI chatbots to AI recommendations that inadvertently reinforce stereotypes, textual bias poses a significant challenge to the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyi Huang , Elsa Fan

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

As large language models (LLMs) are integrated into sociotechnical systems, it is crucial to examine the privacy biases they exhibit. We define privacy bias as the appropriateness value of information flows in responses from LLMs. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yan Shvartzshnaider , Vasisht Duddu

Entity bias widely affects pretrained (large) language models, causing them to rely on (biased) parametric knowledge to make unfaithful predictions. Although causality-inspired methods have shown great potential to mitigate entity bias, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Fei Wang , Wenjie Mo , Yiwei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen