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Auditing Large Language Models (LLMs) to discover their biases and preferences is an emerging challenge in creating Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI). While various methods have been proposed to elicit the preferences of such models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Leif Azzopardi , Yashar Moshfeghi

Regulatory efforts to protect against algorithmic bias have taken on increased urgency with rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), which are machine learning models that can achieve performance rivaling human experts on a wide…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-05 Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel , Aziz Huq , Prasanna Tambe

As the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) spreads across various industries, there are increasing concerns about the potential for their misuse, especially in sensitive areas such as political discourse. Deliberately aligning LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lisa Korver , Mohamed Mostagir , Sherief Reda

Rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have enabled the processing, understanding, and generation of human-like text, with increasing integration into systems that touch our social sphere. Despite this success, these models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Isabel O. Gallegos , Ryan A. Rossi , Joe Barrow , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Sungchul Kim , Franck Dernoncourt , Tong Yu , Ruiyi Zhang , Nesreen K. Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Large language models (LLMs) represent a major advance in artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, the widespread use of LLMs is also coupled with significant ethical and social challenges. Previous research has pointed towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jakob Mökander , Jonas Schuett , Hannah Rose Kirk , Luciano Floridi

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have increased the performance of different natural language understanding as well as generation tasks. Although LLMs have breached the state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Charaka Vinayak Kumar , Ashok Urlana , Gopichand Kanumolu , Bala Mallikarjunarao Garlapati , Pruthwik Mishra

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Large Language Models have been widely been adopted by users for writing tasks such as sentence completions. While this can improve writing efficiency, prior research shows that LLM-generated suggestions may exhibit cultural biases which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Aayush Kumar , Sanket Mhatre

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their susceptibility to biases poses significant challenges. This comprehensive review examines the landscape of bias in LLMs, from its origins to current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yufei Guo , Muzhe Guo , Juntao Su , Zhou Yang , Mengqiu Zhu , Hongfei Li , Mengyang Qiu , Shuo Shuo Liu

In this research, we introduce BEATS, a novel framework for evaluating Bias, Ethics, Fairness, and Factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs). Building upon the BEATS framework, we present a bias benchmark for LLMs that measure performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Alok Abhishek , Lisa Erickson , Tushar Bandopadhyay

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts where their outputs influence real-world decisions. However, evaluating bias in LLM outputs remains methodologically challenging due to sensitivity to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 William Guey , Wei Zhang , Pei-Luen Patrick Rau , Pierrick Bougault , Vitor D. de Moura , Bertan Ucar , Jose O. Gomes

Standard benchmarks of bias and fairness in large language models (LLMs) measure the association between the user attributes stated or implied by a prompt and the LLM's short text response, but human-AI interaction increasingly requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kristian Lum , Jacy Reese Anthis , Kevin Robinson , Chirag Nagpal , Alexander D'Amour

Large Language Models (LLM) have made significant advances in the recent past becoming more mainstream in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled human-facing applications. However, LLMs often generate stereotypical output inherited from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Wu Zekun , Sahan Bulathwela , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed the field of natural language processing; however, their vulnerability to biases presents a notable obstacle that threatens both fairness and trust. This review offers an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Negin Mahmoudi , Meysam Shirdel Bilehsavar

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted across a wide range of tasks, including decision-making processes in industries where bias in AI systems is a significant concern. Recent research indicates that LLMs can harbor implicit biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Divyanshu Kumar , Umang Jain , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi
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