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Differentiating signals from the background in micrographs is a critical initial step for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), yet it remains laborious due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the presence of contaminants and densely…

Multimodal learning has shown promise in medical imaging, combining complementary modalities like images and text. Vision-language models (VLMs) capture rich diagnostic cues but often require large paired datasets and prompt- or text-based…

Capturing the conditional covariances or correlations among the elements of a multivariate response vector based on covariates is important to various fields including neuroscience, epidemiology and biomedicine. We propose a new method…

This paper presents a novel approach named \textbf{C}ontextually \textbf{R}elevant \textbf{I}mputation leveraging pre-trained \textbf{L}anguage \textbf{M}odels (\textbf{CRILM}) for handling missing data in tabular datasets. Instead of…

This paper presents an empirical study of two widely-used sequence prediction models, Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs), on two fundamental tasks for Vietnamese text processing, including…

Conversion Rate (\emph{CVR}) prediction in modern industrial e-commerce platforms is becoming increasingly important, which directly contributes to the final revenue. In order to address the well-known sample selection bias (\emph{SSB}) and…

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale histopathology data have found great success in various fields of computational pathology, but their impact on regressive biomarker prediction remains underexplored. In this work, we…

Human-interpretable predictions are essential for deploying AI in medical imaging, yet most interpretable-by-design (IBD) frameworks require concept annotations for training data, which are costly and impractical to obtain in clinical…

Conditional inference on joint textual and visual clues is a multi-modal reasoning task that textual clues provide prior permutation or external knowledge, which are complementary with visual content and pivotal to deducing the correct…

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but adapting them to downstream tasks typically requires costly labeled data. Existing unsupervised self-training methods rely on…

Max-stable random fields provide canonical models for the dependence of multivariate extremes. Inference with such models has been challenging due to the lack of tractable likelihoods. In contrast, the finite dimensional cumulative…

Deep-learning pipelines for microscopy image classification often require expensive, labor- and time-intensive expert annotation to produce high-quality ground truth for training. Recent work has shown that prompt tuning of vision-language…

Data scarcity has been the main factor that hinders the progress of event extraction. To overcome this issue, we propose a Self-Training with Feedback (STF) framework that leverages the large-scale unlabeled data and acquires feedback for…

Recent advances in semantic image segmentation have mostly been achieved by training deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show how to improve semantic segmentation through the use of contextual information; specifically, we explore…

Highlighting particularly relevant regions of an image can improve the performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on various vision-language (VL) tasks by guiding the model to attend more closely to these regions of interest. For example,…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their powerful content generation capabilities, have been successfully applied to data annotation processes. However, the VLM-generated labels exhibit dual limitations: low quality (i.e., label noise) and…

Covariate adjustment is an approach to improve the precision of trial analyses by adjusting for baseline variables that are prognostic of the primary endpoint. Motivated by the SEARCH Universal HIV Test-and-Treat Trial (2013-2017), we tell…

Minimising a spectral risk objective, defined as a convex combination of expected cost and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), is challenging when the uncertainty distribution is decision-dependent, making both surrogate modelling and…

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac pathologies and is a fundamental pillar of cardiovascular medicine. Recent progress in deep learning has led to the development of robust automated…

The Distributional Random Forest (DRF) is a recently introduced Random Forest algorithm to estimate multivariate conditional distributions. Due to its general estimation procedure, it can be employed to estimate a wide range of targets such…