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Deep learning has gained attention for solving PDEs, but the black-box nature of neural networks hinders precise enforcement of boundary conditions. To address this, we propose a boundary condition-guaranteed evolutionary Kolmogorov-Arnold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bongseok Kim , Jiahao Zhang , Guang Lin

We present a method to solve initial and boundary value problems using artificial neural networks. A trial solution of the differential equation is written as a sum of two parts. The first part satisfies the boundary (or initial) conditions…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 I. E. Lagaris , A. Likas , D. I. Fotiadis

We propose the geometry-informed neural operator (GINO), a highly efficient approach to learning the solution operator of large-scale partial differential equations with varying geometries. GINO uses a signed distance function and…

Several fundamental problems in science and engineering consist of global optimization tasks involving unknown high-dimensional (black-box) functions that map a set of controllable variables to the outcomes of an expensive experiment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Michael Joly , Robert Yu , Soumalya Sarkar , Paris Perdikaris

Operator learning refers to the application of ideas from machine learning to approximate (typically nonlinear) operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions. Such operators often arise from physical models expressed in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nikola B. Kovachki , Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart

Parametric PDEs power modern simulation, design, and digital-twin systems, yet their many-query workloads still hinge on repeatedly solving large finite-element systems. Existing operator-learning approaches accelerate this process but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yueqi Wang , Guang Lin

In theory, boundary and initial conditions are important for the wellposedness of partial differential equations (PDEs). Numerically, these conditions can be enforced exactly in classical numerical methods, such as finite difference method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Liyao Lyu , Keke Wu , Rui Du , Jingrun Chen

Neural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. These models have successfully solved continuous dynamical systems represented by differential equations, viz weather forecasting, fluid flow,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Karn Tiwari , N M Anoop Krishnan , Prathosh A P

Conventional Supervised Learning approaches focus on the mapping from input features to output labels. After training, the learnt models alone are adapted onto testing features to predict testing labels in isolation, with training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Yi Luo , Aiguo Chen , Bei Hui , Ke Yan

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) provide a mesh-independent way to learn solution operators for partial differential equations, yet their efficacy for magnetized turbulence is largely unexplored. Here we train an FNO surrogate for the 2-D…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-03 Roberta Duarte , Rodrigo Nemmen , Reinaldo Santos-Lima

Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) are trained to optimize an entire distribution over their weights instead of a single set, having significant advantages in terms of, e.g., interpretability, multi-task learning, and calibration. Because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

The lacking of analytic solutions of diverse partial differential equations (PDEs) gives birth to a series of computational techniques for numerical solutions. Although numerous latest advances are accomplished in developing neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Wei Xiong , Xiaomeng Huang , Ziyang Zhang , Ruixuan Deng , Pei Sun , Yang Tian

Traditional electrostatic simulation are meshed-based methods which convert partial differential equations into an algebraic system of equations and their solutions are approximated through numerical methods. These methods are time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kart-Leong Lim , Rahul Dutta , Mihai Rotaru

The neural operator (NO) framework has emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Recent NOs are dominated by the Transformer architecture, which offers NOs the capability to capture long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xi Han , Jingwei Zhang , Dimitris Samaras , Fei Hou , Hong Qin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) usually fail to generalize well to outside of distribution (OOD) data, especially in the extreme case of single domain generalization (single-DG) that transfers DNNs from single domain to multiple unseen domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Sanqing Qu , Yingwei Pan , Guang Chen , Ting Yao , Changjun Jiang , Tao Mei

Many physical processes in science and engineering are naturally represented by operators between infinite-dimensional function spaces. The problem of operator learning, in this context, seeks to extract these physical processes from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hao Liu , Biraj Dahal , Rongjie Lai , Wenjing Liao

In the growing domain of scientific machine learning, in-context operator learning has shown notable potential in building foundation models, as in this framework the model is trained to learn operators and solve differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Liu Yang , Siting Liu , Stanley J. Osher

Solving partial differential equations with neural operators significantly reduces computational costs but remains bottlenecked by high training data requirements. Active learning offers a natural framework to mitigate this by selectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Alicja Polanska , Lorenzo Zanisi , Vignesh Gopakumar , Stanislas Pamela

Learning reaction-diffusion equations has become increasingly important across scientific and engineering disciplines, including fluid dynamics, materials science, and biological systems. In this work, we propose the Laplacian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Jindong Wang , Wenrui Hao

Neural operators, which can act as implicit solution operators of hidden governing equations, have recently become popular tools for learning the responses of complex real-world physical systems. Nevertheless, most neural operator…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-01-12 Siavash Jafarzadeh , Stewart Silling , Ning Liu , Zhongqiang Zhang , Yue Yu