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Machine-learning based methods like physics-informed neural networks and physics-informed neural operators are becoming increasingly adept at solving even complex systems of partial differential equations. Boundary conditions can be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Niklas Göschel , Sebastian Götschel , Daniel Ruprecht

Neural operators excel as deterministic surrogates, but inevitably collapse to the conditional mean when applied to stochastic PDEs, discarding the variance and tail structure upon which uncertainty quantification depends. Recovering this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kai Hidajat

Optimal control problems with nonsmooth objectives and nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) constraints are challenging, mainly because of the underlying nonsmooth and nonconvex structures and the demanding computational cost for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Yongcun Song , Xiaoming Yuan , Hangrui Yue , Tianyou Zeng

In this paper, we propose a a machine learning approach via model-operator-data network (MOD-Net) for solving PDEs. A MOD-Net is driven by a model to solve PDEs based on operator representation with regularization from data. For linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Lulu Zhang , Tao Luo , Yaoyu Zhang , Weinan E , Zhi-Qin John Xu , Zheng Ma

In scientific machine learning (SciML), a key challenge is learning unknown, evolving physical processes and making predictions across spatio-temporal scales. For example, in real-world manufacturing problems like additive manufacturing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Vispi Karkaria , Doksoo Lee , Yi-Ping Chen , Yue Yu , Wei Chen

In computational physics, a longstanding challenge lies in finding numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, research attention has increasingly focused on Neural Operator methods, which are notable for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yichen Song , Yalun Wu , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

In this paper, we present a framework for learning the solution map of a backward parabolic Cauchy problem. The solution depends continuously but nonlinearly on the final data, source, and force terms, all residing in Banach spaces of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Fred Espen Benth , Nils Detering , Luca Galimberti

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been shown as a promising approach for solving both forward and inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). Meanwhile, the neural operator approach, including methods such as Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bin Lin , Zhiping Mao , Zhicheng Wang , George Em Karniadakis

Operator learning aims to discover properties of an underlying dynamical system or partial differential equation (PDE) from data. Here, we present a step-by-step guide to operator learning. We explain the types of problems and PDEs amenable…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Nicolas Boullé , Alex Townsend

We introduce two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, inspired by the Merriman-Bence-Osher (MBO) algorithm and by cellular automatons, to model and learn threshold dynamics for front evolution from video data. The first model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Elisa Negrini , Almanzo Jiahe Gao , Abigail Bowering , Wei Zhu , Luca Capogna

Pretraining methods gain increasing attraction recently for solving PDEs with neural operators. It alleviates the data scarcity problem encountered by neural operator learning when solving single PDE via training on large-scale datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Tian Wang , Chuang Wang

Uncertainty and delayed reactions in human driving behavior lead to stop-and-go traffic congestion on freeways. The freeway traffic dynamics are governed by the Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) traffic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) models with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Kaijing Lv , Junmin Wang , Yihuai Zhang , Huan Yu

We study the derivative-informed learning of nonlinear operators between infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces by neural networks. Such operators can arise from the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), and are used in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Dingcheng Luo , Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Peng Chen , Omar Ghattas

We present an approach for solving optimal Dirichlet boundary control problems of nonlinear optics by using deep learning. For computing high resolution approximations of the solution to the nonlinear wave model, we propose higher order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Nils Margenberg , Franz X. Kärtner , Markus Bause

Computational models in fields such as computational neuroscience are often evaluated via stochastic simulation or numerical approximation. Fitting these models implies a difficult optimization problem over complex, possibly noisy parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-03 Luigi Acerbi , Wei Ji Ma

Solving Partial Differential Equation (PDE) interface problems on varying domains is a critical task in design and optimization, yet it remains computationally prohibitive for traditional solvers. Although operator learning has shown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Shanshan Xiao , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang , Hao Wu

Operator networks are designed to approximate nonlinear operators, which provide mappings between infinite-dimensional spaces such as function spaces. These networks are playing an increasingly important role in machine learning, with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jason Kurz , Sean Oughton , Shitao Liu

In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning-based method to solve the acoustic scattering problem in unbounded domain. We first employ the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) operator to truncate the physically unbounded domain into a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Haoming Song , Zhiqiang Sheng , Dong Wang , Junliang Lv

Existing neural operator architectures face challenges when solving multiphysics problems with coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) due to complex geometries, interactions between physical variables, and the limited amounts of…

A wide range of scientific problems, such as those described by continuous-time dynamical systems and partial differential equations (PDEs), are naturally formulated on function spaces. While function spaces are typically…

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