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To enhance Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability, calibration is essential -- the model's assessed confidence scores should align with the actual likelihood of its responses being correct. However, current confidence elicitation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yukun Huang , Yixin Liu , Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Arman Cohan , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large language models (LLMs) make it possible to generate synthetic behavioural data at scale, offering an ethical and low-cost alternative to human experiments. Whether such data can faithfully capture psychological differences driven by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Manuel Pratelli , Marinella Petrocchi

Large language models (LLMs) tend to generate homogenous texts, which may impact the diversity of knowledge generated across different outputs. Given their potential to replace existing forms of knowledge acquisition, this poses a risk of…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in user-facing applications, from providing medical consultations to job interview advice. Recent research suggests that these models are becoming increasingly proficient at inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matthew Kearney , Reuben Binns , Yarin Gal

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Personality detection aims to detect one's personality traits underlying in social media posts. One challenge of this task is the scarcity of ground-truth personality traits which are collected from self-report questionnaires. Most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Linmei Hu , Hongyu He , Duokang Wang , Ziwang Zhao , Yingxia Shao , Liqiang Nie

With the growth of social media and large language models, content moderation has become crucial. Many existing datasets lack adequate representation of different groups, resulting in unreliable assessments. To tackle this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shanu Kumar , Gauri Kholkar , Saish Mendke , Anubhav Sadana , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, they often lack factuality, producing a mixture of true and false information, especially in long-form generation. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Lifu Tu , Rui Meng , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

There has been extensive research on assessing the value orientation of Large Language Models (LLMs) as it can shape user experiences across demographic groups. However, several challenges remain. First, while the Multiple Choice Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Siqi Shen , Mehar Singh , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Rada Mihalcea

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance on various natural language generation tasks. Nonetheless, they suffer from generating negative and harmful contents that are biased against certain demographic groups (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tianci Liu , Haoyu Wang , Shiyang Wang , Yu Cheng , Jing Gao

With the remarkable generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs), using LLM-generated data to train downstream models has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate data scarcity in specific domains and reduce time-consuming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yuchang Zhu , Huazhen Zhong , Qunshu Lin , Haotong Wei , Xiaolong Sun , Zixuan Yu , Minghao Liu , Zibin Zheng , Liang Chen

Instruction-tuning large language models (LLMs) reduces the diversity of their outputs, which has implications for many tasks, particularly for creative tasks. This paper investigates the ``diversity gap'' for a writing prompt narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Max Peeperkorn , Tom Kouwenhoven , Dan Brown , Anna Jordanous

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied across diverse domains, raising concerns about their limitations and potential risks. In this study, we investigate two types of bias that LLMs may display: stereotype bias and deviation bias.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniel Wang , Eli Brignac , Minjia Mao , Xiao Fang

Large language models (LLMs) now write code in settings where misreading a single word can break safety or cost money, yet we still expect them to overlook stray typos. To probe where useful robustness ends and harmful insensitivity begins,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Altynbek Ismailov , Salia Asanova

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily applications, it is essential to ensure they operate fairly across diverse user demographics. In this work, we show that LLMs suffer from personalization bias, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Anvesh Rao Vijjini , Somnath Basu Roy Chowdhury , Snigdha Chaturvedi

Large language models (LLMs) in research and development toolchains produce output that triggers attribution of agency and understanding -- a cognitive illusion that degrades verification behavior and trust calibration. No existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Marek Miller

Human problem-solving is enriched by a diversity of styles and personality traits, yet the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has largely prioritized uniform performance benchmarks that favour specific behavioural tendencies such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xi Wang , Mengdie Zhuang , Jiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-crawled corpora. This poses risks of leakage, including personal information, copyrighted texts, and benchmark datasets. Such leakage leads to undermining human trust in AI due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Masahiro Kaneko , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to ``professionalize'' workplace communication, often at the cost of linguistic identity. We introduce "Cultural Ghosting", the systematic erasure of linguistic markers unique to non-native…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Satyam Kumar Navneet , Joydeep Chandra , Yong Zhang