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Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

We here introduce a substantially extended version of JeSemE, an interactive website for visually exploring computationally derived time-variant information on word meanings and lexical emotions assembled from five large diachronic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Johannes Hellrich , Sven Buechel , Udo Hahn

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

Idiomatic and figurative language form a large portion of colloquial speech and writing. With social media, this informal language has become more easily observable to people and trainers of large language models (LLMs) alike. While the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Blake Matheny , Phuong Minh Nguyen , Minh Le Nguyen , Stephanie Reynolds

When humans read a text, their eye movements are influenced by the structural complexity of the input sentences. This cognitive phenomenon holds across languages and recent studies indicate that multilingual language models utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Charlotte Pouw , Nora Hollenstein , Lisa Beinborn

Multi-table entity matching (MEM) addresses the limitations of dual-table approaches by enabling simultaneous identification of equivalent entities across multiple data sources without unique identifiers. However, existing methods relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingkai Tang , Taoyu Su , Wenyuan Zhang , Xiaoyang Guo , Tingwen Liu

The capability to process multiple images is crucial for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to develop a more thorough and nuanced understanding of a scene. Recent multi-image LVLMs have begun to address this need. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Fanqing Meng , Jin Wang , Chuanhao Li , Quanfeng Lu , Hao Tian , Jiaqi Liao , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo , Kaipeng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), one traditionally considers a single task (e.g. part-of-speech tagging) for a single language (e.g. English) at a time. However, recent work has shown that it can be beneficial to take advantage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Johannes Bjerva

As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on multilingual tasks. Given its wide range of applications, cross-cultural understanding capability is a crucial competency. However, existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shiwei Guo , Sihang Jiang , Qianxi He , Yanghua Xiao , Jiaqing Liang , Bi Yude , Minggui He , Shimin Tao , Li Zhang

Accurately modeling idiomatic or non-compositional language has been a longstanding challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This is partly because these expressions do not derive their meanings solely from their constituent words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Wei He , Marco Idiart , Carolina Scarton , Aline Villavicencio

We present a large, multilingual study into how vision constrains linguistic choice, covering four languages and five linguistic properties, such as verb transitivity or use of numerals. We propose a novel method that leverages existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Uri Berger , Lea Frermann , Gabriel Stanovsky , Omri Abend

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an important task in multimodal AI, and it is often used to test the ability of vision-language models to understand and reason on knowledge present in both visual and textual data. However, most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 David Romero , Chenyang Lyu , Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo , Teresa Lynn , Injy Hamed , Aditya Nanda Kishore , Aishik Mandal , Alina Dragonetti , Artem Abzaliev , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Bontu Fufa Balcha , Chenxi Whitehouse , Christian Salamea , Dan John Velasco , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , David Le Meur , Emilio Villa-Cueva , Fajri Koto , Fauzan Farooqui , Frederico Belcavello , Ganzorig Batnasan , Gisela Vallejo , Grainne Caulfield , Guido Ivetta , Haiyue Song , Henok Biadglign Ademtew , Hernán Maina , Holy Lovenia , Israel Abebe Azime , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Jay Gala , Jiahui Geng , Jesus-German Ortiz-Barajas , Jinheon Baek , Jocelyn Dunstan , Laura Alonso Alemany , Kumaranage Ravindu Yasas Nagasinghe , Luciana Benotti , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Marcelo Viridiano , Marcos Estecha-Garitagoitia , Maria Camila Buitrago Cabrera , Mario Rodríguez-Cantelar , Mélanie Jouitteau , Mihail Mihaylov , Mohamed Fazli Mohamed Imam , Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda , Munkhjargal Gochoo , Munkh-Erdene Otgonbold , Naome Etori , Olivier Niyomugisha , Paula Mónica Silva , Pranjal Chitale , Raj Dabre , Rendi Chevi , Ruochen Zhang , Ryandito Diandaru , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Santiago Góngora , Soyeong Jeong , Sukannya Purkayastha , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Teresa Clifford , Thanmay Jayakumar , Tiago Timponi Torrent , Toqeer Ehsan , Vladimir Araujo , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Zara Burzo , Zheng Wei Lim , Zheng Xin Yong , Oana Ignat , Joan Nwatu , Rada Mihalcea , Thamar Solorio , Alham Fikri Aji

Most existing emotion analysis emphasizes which emotion arises (e.g., happy, sad, angry) but neglects the deeper why. We propose Emotion Interpretation (EI), focusing on causal factors-whether explicit (e.g., observable objects,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yuxiang Lin , Jingdong Sun , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Jue Wang , Haomin Liang , Zebang Cheng , Yifei Dong , Jun-Yan He , Xiaojiang Peng , Xian-Sheng Hua

Modeling relations between languages can offer understanding of language characteristics and uncover similarities and differences between languages. Automated methods applied to large textual corpora can be seen as opportunities for novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Blaž Škrlj , Senja Pollak

Multimodal conversational recommendation has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for delivering personalized experiences through natural dialogue enriched by visual and contextual grounding. Yet currently available multimodal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 David Guo , Minqi Sun , Yilun Jiang , Jiazhou Liang , Scott Sanner

The rapid development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, marks a significant step toward artificial general intelligence. Existing methods typically align vision encoders with LLMs via supervised fine-tuning (SFT),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hai-Long Sun , Da-Wei Zhou , Yang Li , Shiyin Lu , Chao Yi , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Pre-trained vision and language models such as CLIP have witnessed remarkable success in connecting images and texts with a primary focus on English texts. Despite recent efforts to extend CLIP to support other languages, disparities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhen Zhang , Jialu Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have increased interest in vision language models (VLMs), which process image-text pairs as input. Studies investigating the visual understanding ability of VLMs have been proposed, but such studies are still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jesse Atuhurra , Iqra Ali , Tatsuya Hiraoka , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Tomoya Iwakura , Taro Watanabe