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Opinion Expression Identification (OEI) is essential in NLP for applications ranging from voice assistants to depression diagnosis. This study extends OEI to encompass multimodal inputs, underlining the significance of auditory cues in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Bonian Jia , Huiyao Chen , Yueheng Sun , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

Idiomatic reasoning, deeply intertwined with metaphor and culture, remains a blind spot for contemporary language models, whose progress skews toward surface-level lexical and semantic cues. For instance, the Bengali idiom…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sarmistha Das , Shreyas Guha , Suvrayan Bandyopadhyay , Salisa Phosit , Kitsuchart Pasupa , Sriparna Saha

This survey examines multilingual vision-language models that process text and images across languages. We review 33 models and 23 benchmarks, spanning encoder-only and generative architectures, and identify a key tension between language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Andrei-Alexandru Manea , Jindřich Libovický

Micro-expressions (MEs) are subtle, fleeting nonverbal cues that reveal an individual's genuine emotional state. Their analysis has attracted considerable interest due to its promising applications in fields such as healthcare, criminal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Chuang Ma , Yu Pei , Jianhang Zhang , Shaokai Zhao , Bowen Ji , Liang Xie , Ye Yan , Erwei Yin

Training a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) from scratch, like GPT-4, is resource-intensive. Regarding Large Language Models (LLMs) as the core processor for multimodal information, our paper introduces LMEye, a human-like eye with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Yunxin Li , Baotian Hu , Xinyu Chen , Lin Ma , Yong Xu , Min Zhang

Advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revolutionized the way researchers and practitioners address crucial societal problems. Large language models are now the standard to develop state-of-the-art solutions for text detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Gaurav Verma , Rohit Mujumdar , Zijie J. Wang , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have recently gained attention due to their effectiveness to understand and generate descriptions of visual content. Most existing LMMs are in English language. While few recent works explore multilingual…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance on standard vision-language benchmarks, yet often rely on surface-level recognition rather than deeper reasoning. We propose visual word puzzles as a challenging alternative, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ali Najar , Alireza Mirrokni , Arshia Izadyari , Sadegh Mohammadian , Amir Homayoon Sharifizade , Asal Meskin , Mobin Bagherian , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have catalyzed transformative progress in affective computing, enabling models to exhibit emergent emotional intelligence. Despite substantial methodological progress, current…

Lately, researchers in artificial intelligence have been really interested in how language and vision come together, giving rise to the development of multimodal models that aim to seamlessly integrate textual and visual information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rajat Chawla , Arkajit Datta , Tushar Verma , Adarsh Jha , Anmol Gautam , Ayush Vatsal , Sukrit Chaterjee , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have driven researchers to explore how well these models read data visualizations, e.g., bar charts, scatter plots. More recently, attention has shifted to visual question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Varun Srivastava , Fan Lei , Srija Mukhopadhyay , Vivek Gupta , Ross Maciejewski

Human languages differ widely in their forms, each having distinct sounds, scripts, and syntax. Yet, they can all convey similar meaning. Do different languages converge on a shared neural substrate for conceptual meaning? We used language…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Zaid Zada , Samuel A Nastase , Jixing Li , Uri Hasson

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed for decision-making, yet their adoption in high-stakes domains remains limited by miscalibrated probabilities, unfaithful explanations, and inability to incorporate expert knowledge precisely.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yanji He , Yuxin Jiang , Yiwen Wu , Bo Huang , Jiaheng Wei , Wei Wang

Multiword expressions (MWEs) represent lexemes that should be treated as single lexical units due to their idiosyncratic nature. Multiple NLP applications have been shown to benefit from MWE identification, however the research on lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Ekaterina Kochmar , Sian Gooding , Matthew Shardlow

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability to infer and attribute mental states to oneself and others. As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated for social and cognitive capabilities, it remains unclear to what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jayanta Sadhu , Ayan Antik Khan , Noshin Nawal , Sanju Basak , Abhik Bhattacharjee , Rifat Shahriyar

Word embeddings such as ELMo have recently been shown to model word semantics with greater efficacy through contextualized learning on large-scale language corpora, resulting in significant improvement in state of the art across many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Shao-Yen Tseng , Panayiotis Georgiou , Shrikanth Narayanan

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are typically trained on vast corpora of image-text data but are often limited in linguistic coverage, leading to biased and unfair outputs across languages. While prior work has explored multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ananya Raval , Aravind Narayanan , Vahid Reza Khazaie , Shaina Raza

Cross-lingual representation learning is an important step in making NLP scale to all the world's languages. Recent work on bilingual lexicon induction suggests that it is possible to learn cross-lingual representations of words based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Mareike Hartmann , Anders Soegaard

Most multilingual vision-and-language (V&L) research aims to accomplish multilingual and multimodal capabilities within one model. However, the scarcity of multilingual captions for images has hindered the development. To overcome this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Guojun Wu

Multimodal/vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly being deployed in healthcare settings worldwide, necessitating robust benchmarks to ensure their safety, efficacy, and fairness. Multiple-choice question and answer (QA) datasets…