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The clustering property of an equilibrium bipartite correlation is one of the most general thermodynamic properties in non-critical many-body quantum systems. Herein, we consider the thermalization properties of a system class exhibiting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Tomotaka Kuwahara , Keiji Saito

In the study of thermalization in finite isolated quantum systems, an inescapable issue is the definition of temperature. We examine and compare different possible ways of assigning temperatures to energies or equivalently to eigenstates in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-03 Phillip C. Burke , Goran Nakerst , Masudul Haque

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization in terms of a Hermitian operator and the complex eigenkets that follows Gaussian ensemble distribution. With the non-Hermitian open bipartite system, there are, however, some global restrictions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-09 Chen-Huan Wu

Time dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been an elusive subject. Very recently, however, meaningful experimental studies of the problem have finally become possible, stimulating theoretical interest as well. Progress in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-06-11 Marcos Rigol , Vanja Dunjko , Maxim Olshanii

Inspired by the avalanche scenario for many-body localization (MBL) instability, we reverse the conventional set-up and ask whether a large weakly-disordered chain can thermalize a smaller, strongly-disordered chain when the composite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-21 Soumya Kanti Pal , C L Sriram , Shamik Gupta

We say of an isolated macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $\psi$ that it is in macroscopic thermal equilibrium (MATE) if $\psi$ lies in or close to a suitable subspace $\mathcal{H}_{eq}$ of Hilbert space. It is known that every…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Barbara Roos , Shoki Sugimoto , Stefan Teufel , Roderich Tumulka , Cornelia Vogel

Thermalization in closed quantum systems can be explained either by means of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis or the concept of canonical typicality. Both concepts are based on quantum mechanical formalism such as spectral…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2015-08-11 Jayson G. Cosme , Oleksandr Fialko

An isolated quantum system is said to thermalize if ${\rm Tr} (A \rho(t)) \to {\rm Tr} (A \rho_{\rm eq})$ for time $t \to \infty$. Here $\rho(t)$ is the time-dependent density matrix of the system, $\rho_{\rm eq}$ is the time-independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Hans A. Weidenmüller

We establish an analytical criterion for dynamical thermalization within harmonic systems, applicable to both classical and quantum models. Specifically, we prove that thermalization of various observables, such as particle energies in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Marco Cattaneo , Marco Baldovin , Dario Lucente , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Angelo Vulpiani

We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-24 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

We study the non-equiliribium dynamics of atom-molecule Bose gases in a double-well potential. In this system, the internal atom-molecule tunneling has significant influence on the dynamics. We investigate the periodicity of dynamics by…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2015-05-28 Atsushi Motohashi

We investigate a weak version of subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a two-dimensional large central charge conformal field theory by comparing the local equivalence of high energy state and thermal state of canonical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Song He , Feng-Li Lin , Jia-ju Zhang

We initiate a systematic study of high energy matrix elements of local operators in 2d CFT. Knowledge of these is required in order to determine whether the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) can hold in such theories. Most high…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-30 Mert Besken , Shouvik Datta , Per Kraus

We study diagnostics of thermalization in quantum many-body systems with global SU(2) symmetry, where the standard eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is generalized to its non-Abelian form. As an eigenstate-level probe, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Haojie Shen , Jie Chen , Xiaoqun Wang

Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis furnishes a possible explanation for the emergence of statistical mechanics in the framework of classical physics. In quantum mechanics, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is instead generally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-08 Lorenzo Campos Venuti , Lawrence Liu

In this paper, we study the Feingold-Peres model as an example, which is a well-known paradigm of quantum chaos. Using semiclassical analysis and numerical simulations, we study the statistical properties of observables in few-body systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-11 Jiaozi Wang , Hua Yan , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

We examine the thermalisation/localization trade off in an interacting and disordered Kitaev model, specifically addressing whether signatures of many-body localization can coexist with the systems topological phase. Using methods…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-08-19 Stephen Nulty , Jiri Vala , Dganit Meidan , Graham Kells

The concept of "deep thermalization" has recently been introduced to characterize moments of an ensemble of pure states, resulting from projective measurements on a subsystem, which lie beyond the purview of conventional Eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Tanmay Bhore , Jean-Yves Desaules , Zlatko Papić

We study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and, thus, the multipartite entanglement structure of thermal pure states in the context of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). In both the canonical ensemble and the ETH, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-04 Marlon Brenes , Silvia Pappalardi , John Goold , Alessandro Silva

Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of a closed quantum system is one of the oldest questions that is still nowadays only partially resolved. Several efforts have led to various formulations of what is called the eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Christian Bertoni , Clara Wassner , Giacomo Guarnieri , Jens Eisert