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Electroencephalography (EEG)-based wearable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) face challenges due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and non-stationary neural activity. We introduce in this manuscript a mathematically rigorous framework that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-24 Eva Guttmann-Flury , Shan Zhao , Jian Zhao , Mohamad Sawan

Developing a Brain-Computer Interface~(BCI) for seizure prediction can help epileptic patients have a better quality of life. However, there are many difficulties and challenges in developing such a system as a real-life support for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Mohammad-Parsa Hosseini , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh , Kost Elisevich , Dario Pompili

Standard Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods typically treat inference as a blind optimization task, applying generic objectives to all or filtered test samples. In safety-critical medical segmentation, this lack of selectivity often causes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kartik Jhawar , Lipo Wang

For many years now, understanding the brain mechanism has been a great research subject in many different fields. Brain signal processing and especially electroencephalogram (EEG) has recently known a growing interest both in academia and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-18 Victor Delvigne , Hazem Wannous , Jean-Philippe Vandeborre , Laurence Ris , Thierry Dutoit

Accurate electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern decoding for specific mental tasks is one of the key steps for the development of brain-computer interface (BCI), which is quite challenging due to the considerably low signal-to-noise ratio of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Yu Zhang , Tao Zhou , Wei Wu , Hua Xie , Hongru Zhu , Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki

Sleep staging models often degrade when deployed on patients with unseen physiology or recording conditions. We propose a streaming, source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) recipe that combines entropy minimization (Tent) with Batch-Norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Hritik Arasu , Faisal R Jahangiri

Nowadays, the possibility to run advanced AI on embedded systems allows natural interaction between humans and machines, especially in the automotive field. We present a custom portable EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that exploits…

Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) offer a safe and accessible means of connecting the human brain to external devices, with broad applications in home and clinical settings to enhance human capabilities. However, the high noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Junyu Wang , Pengyu Zhu , Yonghao Song , Mianxin Liu , Qihao Zheng , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang , Chunfeng Song

Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) offers high-signal-to-noise access to cortical activity for brain-computer interfaces, yet limited per-patient data has led most prior work to rely on small, subject-specific decoders that neglect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liuyin Yang , Qiang Sun , Bob Van Dyck , Eva Calvo Merino , Marc M. Van Hulle

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision applications. However, there is a problem of degrading accuracy when the data distribution shifts between training and testing. As a solution of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Shohei Enomoto , Naoya Hasegawa , Kazuki Adachi , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Satoshi Suzuki , Takeharu Eda

Test time adaptation (TTA) equips deep learning models to handle unseen test data that deviates from the training distribution, even when source data is inaccessible. While traditional TTA methods often rely on entropy as a confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Afshar Shamsi , Rejisa Becirovic , Ahmadreza Argha , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Arash Mohammadi

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) enable direct communication with a computer, using neural activity as the control signal. This neural signal is generally chosen from a variety of well-studied electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. For a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Vernon J. Lawhern , Amelia J. Solon , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Stephen M. Gordon , Chou P. Hung , Brent J. Lance

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on the motor imagery (MI) paradigm translates one's motor intention into a control signal by classifying the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal of different tasks. However, most existing systems either…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Eitan Netzer , Alex Frid , Dan Feldman

We present a new large-scale electroencephalography (EEG) dataset as part of the THINGS initiative, comprising over 1.6 million visual stimulus trials collected from 20 participants, and totaling more than twice the size of the most popular…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-28 Jonathan Xu , Ugo Bruzadin Nunes , Wangshu Jiang , Samuel Ryther , Jordan Pringle , Paul S. Scotti , Arnaud Delorme , Reese Kneeland

Deep learning models perform poorly when domain shifts exist between training and test data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a paradigm to mitigate this issue by adapting pre-trained models using only unlabeled test samples. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Junsu Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Objective: An electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between the human brain and a computer. Most research so far studied more accurate BCIs, but much less attention has been paid…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Xiaoqing Chen , Siyang Li , Yunlu Tu , Ziwei Wang , Dongrui Wu

Motor imagery (MI) classification using electroencephalography (EEG) signals is essential for advancing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Traditional EEG channel selection methods often face limitations, such as dependency on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Dekka Muni Kumar , Dhruba Jyoti Kalita , Yogesh Kumar Meena

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to adjust to distribution shift by learning from unlabeled test-time streams. However, existing methods typically treat these streams as independent samples, overlooking the supervisory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Qiangqiang Wu , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer an intuitive means for individuals with severe motor impairments to independently operate assistive robotic wheelchairs and navigate built environments.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Xiaoshan Zhou , Carol C. Menassa , Vineet R. Kamat

Intracranial language brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a promising route for restoring communication in people with severe motor and speech impairments, but clinical translation remains limited by fragmented evidence and unresolved…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Dongyi He , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang