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Vision-language models suffer performance degradation under domain shift, limiting real-world applicability. Existing test-time adaptation methods are computationally intensive, rely on back-propagation, and often focus on single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yi Zhang , Chun-Wun Cheng , Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero , Zhihai He , Liang-Jie Zhang

A non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) enables direct interaction between the user and external devices, typically via electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, decoding EEG signals across different headsets remains a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Dingkun Liu , Siyang Li , Ziwei Wang , Wei Li , Dongrui Wu

Data fusion refers to the joint analysis of multiple datasets which provide complementary views of the same task. In this preprint, the problem of jointly analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Christos Chatzichristos , Eleftherios Kofidis , Lieven De Lathauwer , Sergios Theodoridis , Sabine Van Huffel

In Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI), due to inter-subject non-stationarities of electroencephalogram (EEG), classifiers are trained and tested using EEG from the same subject. When physical disabilities bottleneck the natural modality of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-09 Monalisa Pal , Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay , Saugat Bhattacharyya

Electroencephalography (EEG) has become one of the key modalities underpinning brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) due to its high temporal resolution, rapid responsiveness, non-invasiveness, low cost, and portability. However, EEG signals are…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-17 Yihang Dong , Changhong Jing , Shuqiang Wang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used non-invasive technique for measuring brain activity in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. Supervised EEG decoding models often struggle to generalize across tasks, subjects, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ayse Betul Yuce , Sebastian Stober

To be practical for real-life applications, models for brain-computer interfaces must be easily and quickly deployable on new subjects, effective on affordable scanning hardware, and small enough to run locally on accessible computing…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-12 Reese Kneeland , Wangshu Jiang , Ugo Bruzadin Nunes , Paul Steven Scotti , Arnaud Delorme , Jonathan Xu

Brain--computer interfaces are groundbreaking technology whereby brain signals are used to control external devices. Despite some advances in recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor-imagery tasks face challenges, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jianchao Lu , Yuzhe Tian , Yang Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Xi Zheng

Brain--computer interfaces are groundbreaking technology whereby brain signals are used to control external devices. Despite some advances in recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor-imagery tasks face challenges, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jianchao Lu , Yuzhe Tian , Yang Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Xi Zheng

With the rapid development of Machine Learning technology applied in electroencephalography (EEG) signals, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has emerged as a novel and convenient human-computer interaction for smart home, intelligent medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yongshuang Liu , Haiping Huang , Fu Xiao , Reza Malekian , Wenming Wang

One of the main challenges in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is learning the subject/session invariant features to classify cognitive activities within an end-to-end discriminative setting. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Andac Demir , Iya Khalil , Bulent Kiziltan

This study offers a revolutionary strategy to developing wheelchairs based on the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that incorporates Artificial Intelligence (AI) using a The device uses electroencephalogram (EEG) data to mimic wheelchair…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Biplov Paneru , Bishwash Paneru , Bipul Thapa , Khem Narayan Poudyal

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition has gained significant traction due to its accuracy and objectivity. However, the non-stationary nature of EEG signals leads to distribution drift over time, causing severe performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Ming Jin , Danni Zhang , Gangming Zhao , Changde Du , Jinpeng Li

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a direct pathway from the brain to external devices and have demonstrated great potential for assistive and rehabilitation technologies. Endogenous BCIs based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Hanwen Wang , Yu Qi , Lin Yao , Yueming Wang , Dario Farina , Gang Pan

Continual Test-time adaptation (CTTA) continuously adapts the deployed model on every incoming batch of data. While achieving optimal accuracy, existing CTTA approaches present poor real-world applicability on resource-constrained edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiao Ma , Young D. Kwon , Dong Ma

A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables direct communication between the brain and an external device. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the preferred input signal in non-invasive BCIs, due to its convenience and low cost. EEG-based BCIs have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Lubin Meng , Xue Jiang , Tianwang Jia , Dongrui Wu

Current electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding models are typically trained on small numbers of subjects performing a single task. Here, we introduce a large-scale, code-submission-based competition comprising two challenges. First, the…

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system provides a pathway between humans and the outside world by analyzing brain signals which contain potential neural information. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of most commonly used brain signals and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-07 Xian-Rui Zhang , Meng-Ying Lei , Yang Li

Existing EEG recognition models suffer from poor cross-paradigm generalization due to dataset-specific constraints and individual variability. To overcome these limitations, we propose BITE (Bidirectional Time-Freq Pyramid Network), an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jiahui Hong , Siqing Li , Muqing Jian , Luming Yang

Personalised music-based interventions offer a powerful means of supporting motor rehabilitation by dynamically tailoring auditory stimuli to provide external timekeeping cues, modulate affective states, and stabilise gait patterns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Nicole Lai-Tan , Xiao Gu , Marios G. Philiastides , Fani Deligianni