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Generative large language models (LLMs) with instruct training such as GPT-4 can follow human-provided instruction prompts and generate human-like responses to these prompts. Apart from natural language responses, they have also been found…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Sumit Kumar Jha , Susmit Jha , Patrick Lincoln , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Alvaro Velasquez , Rickard Ewetz , Sandeep Neema

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have been increasingly used by developers to boost productivity, but they often generate vulnerable code. Thus, there is an urgent need to ensure that code generated by Code LLMs is correct and secure.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yanjun Fu , Ethan Baker , Yu Ding , Yizheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities given chain-of-thought prompts (examples with intermediate reasoning steps). Existing benchmarks measure reasoning ability indirectly, by evaluating accuracy on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Abulhair Saparov , He He

Human cognition operates through two complementary modes: fast intuitive thinking and slow deliberate thinking. Vanilla large language models (LLMs) predominantly follow the fast-thinking paradigm, producing immediate responses; while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shengjia Zhang , Junjie Wu , Jiawei Chen , Changwang Zhang , Zhe Li , Xingyu Lou , Wangchunshu Zhou , Sheng Zhou , Can Wang , Jun Wang

In this paper we aim to investigate the mechanisms that guide text generation with pre-trained Transformer-based Language Models (TLMs). Grounded on the Product of Experts formulation by Hinton (1999), we describe a generative mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xavier Suau , Luca Zappella , Nicholas Apostoloff

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable advancements, with the test-time scaling law consistently enhancing the reasoning capabilities. Through systematic evaluation and exploration of a diverse spectrum of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenyang Shao , Sijian Ren , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Reasoning is an important task for large language models (LLMs). Among all the reasoning paradigms, inductive reasoning is one of the fundamental types, which is characterized by its particular-to-general thinking process and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kedi Chen , Dezhao Ruan , Yuhao Dan , Yaoting Wang , Siyu Yan , Xuecheng Wu , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Biqing Qi , Linyang Li , Qipeng Guo , Xiaoming Shi , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generating non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities across various tasks, yet fall short of complex reasoning and planning tasks. The tree-search-based reasoning methods address this by surpassing the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhenglin Wang , Jialong Wu , Yilong Lai , Congzhi Zhang , Deyu Zhou

The autoregressive decoding for text generation in large language models (LLMs), while widely used, is inherently suboptimal due to the lack of a built-in mechanism to perform refinement and/or correction of the generated content. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zeyu Tang , Zhenhao Chen , Xiangchen Song , Loka Li , Yunlong Deng , Yifan Shen , Guangyi Chen , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

The powerful generative capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) has instigated a paradigm shift in recommendation. However, existing generative models (e.g., OneRec) operate as implicit predictors, critically lacking the capacity for…

Code large language models (Code LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code generation. Nonetheless, most existing works focus on boosting code LLMs from the perspective of programming capabilities, while their natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Wei Li , Daoguang Zan , Bei Guan , Ailun Yu , Xiaolin Chen , Yongji Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding text and generating high-quality responses. However, a critical distinction from human cognition is their typical lack of a distinct internal `reading'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuanxin Wang , Ganesh Venkatesh

Large language models (LLMs) are proficient at generating fluent text with minimal task-specific supervision. Yet, their ability to provide well-grounded rationalizations for knowledge-intensive tasks remains under-explored. Such tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Aditi Mishra , Sajjadur Rahman , Hannah Kim , Kushan Mitra , Estevam Hruschka

This paper delves into the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), specifically focusing on advancing the theoretical comprehension of chain-of-thought prompting. We investigate how LLMs can be effectively induced to generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rasul Tutunov , Antoine Grosnit , Juliusz Ziomek , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in code generation. The integration of Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning can further boost their performance. However, current CoT methods often require manual writing or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Zhang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Taolue Chen

Large language models have recently demonstrated remarkable abilities to self-correct their responses through iterative refinement, often referred to as self-consistency or self-reflection. However, the dynamics of this self-correction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hossein A. Rahmani , Satyapriya Krishna , Xi Wang , Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Emine Yilmaz

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in generation and reasoning tasks, where they generate text responses given instructions. However, many applications, e.g., retrieval augmented generation (RAG),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Caojin Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Ke Li , Sai Vidyaranya Nuthalapati , Benyu Zhang , Jason Liu , Serena Li , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan
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