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If you tell a learning model that you prefer an alternative $a$ over another alternative $b$, then you probably expect the model to be monotone, that is, the valuation of $a$ increases, and that of $b$ decreases. Yet, perhaps surprisingly,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Julien Fageot , Peva Blanchard , Gilles Bareilles , Lê-Nguyên Hoang

The Bradley-Terry (BT) model is a common and successful practice in reward modeling for Large Language Model (LLM) alignment. However, it remains unclear why this model -- originally developed for multi-player stochastic game matching --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton

This article surveys recent progress in the Bradley-Terry (BT) model and its extensions. We focus on the statistical and computational aspects, with emphasis on the regime in which both the number of objects and the volume of comparisons…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-23 Shuxing Fang , Ruijian Han , Yuanhang Luo , Yiming Xu

Thurstonian and Bradley-Terry models are the most commonly applied models in the analysis of paired comparison data. Since their introduction, numerous developments have been proposed in different areas. This paper provides an updated…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-04 Manuela Cattelan

Analysis of competing risks data plays an important role in the lifetime data analysis. Recently Feizjavadian and Hashemi (Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, vol. 82, 19-34, 2015) provided a classical inference of a competing risks…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-04 Debashis Samanta , Debasis Kundu

The rating of items based on pairwise comparisons has been a topic of statistical investigation for many decades. Numerous approaches have been proposed. One of the best known is the Bradley-Terry model. This paper seeks to assemble and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Ian Hamilton , Nick Tawn , David Firth

Recent developments in statistical regression methodology shift away from pure mean regression towards distributional regression models. One important strand thereof is that of conditional transformation models (CTMs). CTMs infer the entire…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-24 Manuel Carlan , Thomas Kneib , Nadja Klein

Ranking geographical or administrative units, such as countries or states, is a well-known approach for comparing developmental progress and informing evidence-based policymaking. Existing ranking methodologies typically rely on a single…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Arshi Rizvi , Rahul Singh

The availability of data from multiple heterogeneous environments has motivated methods that remain reliable under distributional shifts. When the joint distribution of response and predictors varies across environments, the response may…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-29 Ruqian Zhang , Juan Shen , Yijiao Zhang

Uncertainty quantification is central to many applications of causal machine learning, yet principled Bayesian inference for causal effects remains challenging. Standard Bayesian approaches typically require specifying a probabilistic model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Emil Javurek , Dennis Frauen , Yuxin Wang , Stefan Feuerriegel

We propose a fully Bayesian approach for causal inference with multivariate categorical data based on staged tree models, a class of probabilistic graphical models capable of representing asymmetric and context-specific dependencies. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Andrea Cremaschi , Manuele Leonelli , Gherardo Varando

Various AI models are increasingly being considered as part of clinical decision-support tools. However, the trustworthiness of such models is rarely considered. Clinicians are more likely to use a model if they can understand and trust its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Evangelia Kyrimi , Somayyeh Mossadegh , Nigel Tai , William Marsh

Optimization is widely used in statistics, and often efficiently delivers point estimates on useful spaces involving structural constraints or combinatorial structure. To quantify uncertainty, Gibbs posterior exponentiates the negative loss…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-23 Cheng Zeng , Eleni Dilma , Jason Xu , Leo L Duan

Model uncertainty is pervasive in real world analysis situations and is an often-neglected issue in applied statistics. However, standard approaches to the research process do not address the inherent uncertainty in model building and,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-01 Mariana Nold , Florian Meinfelder , David Kaplan

Bayesian learning is a powerful learning framework which combines the external information of the data (background information) with the internal information (training data) in a logically consistent way in inference and prediction. By…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Erdong Guo , David Draper

We present a flexible method for computing Bayesian optimal experimental designs (BOEDs) for inverse problems with intractable posteriors. The approach is applicable to a wide range of BOED problems and can accommodate various optimality…

Computation · Statistics 2024-08-20 Karina Koval , Roland Herzog , Robert Scheichl

Analysing non-Gaussian spatial-temporal data requires introducing spatial as well as temporal dependence in generalised linear models through the link function of an exponential family distribution. Unlike in Gaussian likelihoods, inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-29 Soumyakanti Pan , Lu Zhang , Jonathan R. Bradley , Sudipto Banerjee

There is a growing interest in the so-called Bayesian Predictive Inference approach, which allows to perform Bayesian inference without specifying the likelihood and prior of the model, or the need of any MCMC. Instead, only a sequence of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Marco Battiston , Lorenzo Cappello

With the advent of high-performance computing, Bayesian methods are increasingly popular tools for the quantification of uncertainty throughout science and industry. Since these methods impact the making of sometimes critical decisions in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Houman Owhadi , Clint Scovel , Tim Sullivan

This work considers reasons for and implications of discarding the assumption of transitivity, which (transitivity) is the fundamental postulate in the utility theory of Von Neumann and Morgenstern, the adiabatic accessibility principle of…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2015-07-14 A. Y. Klimenko