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We introduce a new paradigm for generative modeling built on Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs), allowing us to train CNFs at unprecedented scale. Specifically, we present the notion of Flow Matching (FM), a simulation-free approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yaron Lipman , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Heli Ben-Hamu , Maximilian Nickel , Matt Le

Enhancing the efficiency of high-quality image generation using Diffusion Models (DMs) is a significant challenge due to the iterative nature of the process. Flow Matching (FM) is emerging as a powerful generative modeling paradigm based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Pascal Zwick , Nils Friederich , Maximilian Beichter , Lennart Hilbert , Ralf Mikut , Oliver Bringmann

The construction of channel gain map (CGM) is essential for realizing environment-aware wireless communications expected in 6G, for which a fundamental problem is how to predict the channel gains at unknown locations effectively by a finite…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiayi Chen , Ruifeng Gao , Jue Wang , Shu Sun , Yi Wu

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks are expected to have dense infrastructures, large antenna size, wide bandwidth, cost-effective hardware, diversified positioning methods, and enhanced intelligence. Such trends bring both…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yong Zeng , Junting Chen , Jie Xu , Di Wu , Xiaoli Xu , Shi Jin , Xiqi Gao , David Gesbert , Shuguang Cui , Rui Zhang

In 6G mobile communications, acquiring accurate and timely channel state information (CSI) becomes increasingly challenging due to the growing antenna array size and bandwidth. To alleviate the CSI feedback burden, the channel knowledge map…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Kequan Zhou , Guangyi Zhang , Hanlei Li , Yunlong Cai , Shengli Liu , Guanding Yu

Flow matching casts sample generation as learning a continuous-time velocity field that transports noise to data. Existing flow matching networks typically predict each point's velocity independently, considering only its location and time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

Conditional Flow Matching (CFM), a simulation-free method for training continuous normalizing flows, provides an efficient alternative to diffusion models for key tasks like image and video generation. The performance of CFM in solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aram Davtyan , Leello Tadesse Dadi , Volkan Cevher , Paolo Favaro

This paper introduces a novel channel knowledge map (CKM)-assisted dual-domain tracking and predictive beamforming scheme for high-mobility wireless networks. The central premise is that the CKM integrates both the coordinate and beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Ruolin Du , Zhiqiang Wei , Zai Yang , Lei Yang , Yong Zeng , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Jinhong Yuan

With the increasing demand for real-time channel state information (CSI) in sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks, channel knowledge map (CKM) emerges as a promising technique, offering a site-specific database that enables…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Zijian Wu , Di Wu , Shen Fu , Yuelong Qiu , Yong Zeng

The channel knowledge map (CKM) enables efficient construction of high-fidelity mapping between spatial environments and channel parameters via electromagnetic information analysis. Nevertheless, existing studies are largely confined to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Haohan Wang , Xu Shi , Hengyu Zhang , Yashuai Cao , Sufang Yang , Jintao Wang , Kaibin Huang

Conditional flow matching (CFM) stands out as an efficient, simulation-free approach for training flow-based generative models, achieving remarkable performance for data generation. However, CFM is insufficient to ensure accuracy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Taos Transue , Shih-Hsin Wang , William Feldman , Hong Zhang , Bao Wang

Channel knowledge map (CKM), which aims to directly reflect the intrinsic channel properties of the local wireless environment, is a novel technique for achieving environmentaware communication. In this paper, to alleviate the large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Zhuoyin Dai , Di Wu , Zhenjun Dong , Kun Li , Dingyang Ding , Sihan Wang , Yong Zeng

In this paper, we propose a novel knowledge transfer framework that introduces continuous normalizing flows for progressive knowledge transformation and leverages multi-step sampling strategies to achieve precision knowledge transfer. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shitong Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Linrui Gong , Huanran Chen , Xu Dai

Channel knowledge map (CKM) is a promising paradigm shift towards environment-aware communication and sensing by providing location-specific prior channel knowledge before real-time communication. Although CKM is particularly appealing for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Zhuoyin Dai , Di Wu , Xiaoli Xu , Yong Zeng

Accurate channel state information (CSI) acquisition for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is essential for future mobile communication networks. Channel fingerprint (CF), also referred to as channel knowledge map, is a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhenzhou Jin , Li You , Xudong Li , Zhen Gao , Yuanwei Liu , Xiang-Gen Xia , Xiqi Gao

Channel knowledge map (CKM) has emerged as a crucial technology for next-generation communication, enabling the construction of high-fidelity mappings between spatial environments and channel parameters via electromagnetic information…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Haohan Wang , Xu Shi , Hengyu Zhang , Yashuai Cao , Jintao Wang

Dataset distillation compresses large datasets into compact synthetic sets with comparable performance in training models. Despite recent progress on diffusion-based distillation, this type of method typically depends on heuristic guidance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xuhui Li , Zhengquan Luo , Xiwei Liu , Yongqiang Yu , Zhiqiang Xu

Standard flow matching scales well but typically relies on an unstructured source distribution, limiting its ability to learn interpretable latent structure. Latent-variable models, by contrast, capture structure but often sacrifice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xavier Sumba , Carles Balsells-Rodas , Yingzhen Li

Iterative generative models such as Flow Matching and Diffusion models have demonstrated strong test-time scaling behavior, where additional inference computation can improve generation quality. In contrast, Drift Models offer efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenrui Ma , Xi Xiao , Lin Zhao , Tianyang Wang , Ferdinando Fioretto , Yanning Shen

This paper investigates the construction of channel knowledge map (CKM) from sparse channel measurements. Dif ferent from conventional two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) CKM approaches assuming fixed base station configurations, we present a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Juncong Zhou , Chao Hu , Guanlin Wu , Zixiang Ren , Han Hu , Juyong Zhang , Rui Zhang , Jie Xu