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Related papers: A complete characterization of testable hypotheses

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The existence of incompatible measurements is often believed to be a feature of quantum theory which signals its inconsistency with any classical worldview. To prove the failure of classicality in the sense of Kochen-Specker…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 John H. Selby , David Schmid , Elie Wolfe , Ana Belén Sainz , Ravi Kunjwal , Robert W. Spekkens

This paper studies models in which hypothesis tests have trivial power, that is, power smaller than size. This testing impossibility, or impossibility type A, arises when any alternative is not distinguishable from the null. We also study…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Marinho Bertanha , Marcelo J. Moreira

We study the problem of quantum-state tomography under the assumption that the state of the system is close to pure. In this context, an efficient measurements that one typically formulates uniquely identify a pure state from within the set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-11 Amir Kalev , Charles H. Baldwin , Ivan H. Deutsch

This paper investigates symmetric composite binary quantum hypothesis testing (QHT), where the goal is to determine which of two uncertainty sets contains an unknown quantum state. While asymptotic error exponents for this problem are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Jacob Paul Simpson , Efstratios Palias , Sharu Theresa Jose

Based on two independent samples X_1,...,X_m and X_{m+1},...,X_n drawn from multivariate distributions with unknown Lebesgue densities p and q respectively, we propose an exact multiple test in order to identify simultaneously regions of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-12 Angelika Rohde

We explore the interaction between Lebesgue measure and dominating functions. We show, via both a priority construction and a forcing construction, that there is a function of incomplete degree that dominates almost all degrees. This…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Peter Cholak , Joseph Miller , Noam Greenberg

A simple \(P_\lambda\)-point on a regular cardinal \(\kappa\) is a uniform ultrafilter on \(\kappa\) with a mod-bounded decreasing generating sequence of length \(\lambda\). We prove that if there is a simple $P_\lambda$-point ultrafilter…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Tom Benhamou , Gabriel Goldberg

In observational studies of discrimination, the most common statistical approaches consider either the rate at which decisions are made (benchmark tests) or the success rate of those decisions (outcome tests). Both tests, however, have…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-07 Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel

Statistically equivalent blocks are not frequently considered in the context of nonparametric two-sample hypothesis testing. Despite the limited exposure, this paper shows that a number of classical nonparametric hypothesis tests can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-11 Chase Holcombe

How can we monitor, in real time, whether one uncertain prospect has any upside over another? To answer this question, we develop a novel family of sequential, anytime-valid tests for stochastic dominance (SD; also known as stochastic…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Sebastian Arnold , Yo Joong Choe , Marco Scarsini , Ilia Tsetlin

Given a set of probability measures $\mathcal{P}$ representing an agent's knowledge on the elements of a sigma-algebra $\mathcal{F}$, we can compute upper and lower bounds for the probability of any event $A\in\mathcal{F}$ of interest. A…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Michele Caprio , Teddy Seidenfeld

Understanding the power and limitations of classical and quantum information and how they differ is a fundamental endeavor. In property testing of distributions, a tester is given samples over a typically large domain $\{0,1\}^n$. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Fernando Granha Jeronimo , Nir Magrafta , Joseph Slote , Pei Wu

We show that one single experiment can test simultaneously and independently both the nonclassicality of states and measurements by the violation or fulfillment of classical bounds on the statistics. Nonideal measurements affected by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-28 Alfredo Luis , Ángel Rivas

The lack of non-parametric statistical tests for confounding bias significantly hampers the development of robust, valid and generalizable predictive models in many fields of research. Here I propose the partial and full confounder tests,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tamas Spisak

We propose a class of incompatibility measures for quantum observables based on quantifying the effect of a measurement of one observable on the statistics of the outcomes of another. Specifically, for a pair of observables $A$ and $B$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Prabha Mandayam , M. D. Srinivas

Equivalence testing, a fundamental problem in the field of distribution testing, seeks to infer if two unknown distributions on $[n]$ are the same or far apart in the total variation distance. Conditional sampling has emerged as a powerful…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Diptarka Chakraborty , Sourav Chakraborty , Gunjan Kumar , Kuldeep S. Meel

We study the problem of conditional two-sample testing, which aims to determine whether two populations have the same distribution after accounting for confounding factors. This problem commonly arises in various applications, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Seongchan Lee , Suman Cha , Ilmun Kim

We develop a hypothesis testing framework for the formulation of the problems of 1) the validation of a simulation model and 2) using modeling to certify the performance of a physical system. These results are used to solve the…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-27 Clint Scovel , Ingo Steinwart

We present a new test of hypothesis in which we seek the probability of the null conditioned on the data, where the null is a simplification undertaken to counter the intractability of the more complex model, that the simpler null model is…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-20 Dalia Chakrabarty

Let $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be the set of $2 \times 2$ matrices with real entries. For any $\varepsilon>0$ and any finitely--supported probability measure $\mu$ on $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$, we prove that either \[ T(\mu) = \sum_{X,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Akshat Mudgal