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Large language models (LLMs) tend to inadequately integrate input context during text generation, relying excessively on encoded prior knowledge in model parameters, potentially resulting in generated text with factual inconsistencies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zheng Zhao , Emilio Monti , Jens Lehmann , Haytham Assem

Transformer-based language models (LMs) track contextual information through large, hard-coded input windows. We introduce MemoryPrompt, a leaner approach in which the LM is complemented by a small auxiliary recurrent network that passes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Marco Baroni

Semantic caching significantly reduces computational costs and improves efficiency by storing and reusing large language model (LLM) responses. However, existing systems rely primarily on matching individual queries, lacking awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jianxin Yan , Wangze Ni , Lei Chen , Xuemin Lin , Peng Cheng , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Current LLM agents typically lack instance-level context, which comprises concrete facts such as environment structure, system configurations, and local mechanics. Consequently, existing methods are forced to intertwine exploration with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kuntai Cai , Juncheng Liu , Xianglin Yang , Zhaojie Niu , Xiaokui Xiao , Xing Chen

Contextual-LAS (CLAS) has been shown effective in improving Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of rare words. It relies on phrase-level contextual modeling and attention-based relevance scoring without explicit contextual constraint which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Mengzhi Wang , Shifu Xiong , Genshun Wan , Hang Chen , Jianqing Gao , Lirong Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel across a variety of language tasks yet are constrained by limited input lengths and high computational costs. Existing approaches\textemdash such as relative positional encodings (e.g., RoPE, ALiBi) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun-Hui Lee , Eunhwan Park , Donghoon Han , Seung-Hoon Na

The large language model (LLM)-as-judge paradigm has been used to meet the demand for a cheap, reliable, and fast evaluation of model outputs during AI system development and post-deployment monitoring. While judge models -- LLMs finetuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Austin Xu , Srijan Bansal , Yifei Ming , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty

Process reward models (PRMs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging test-time scaling (TTS). However, while most PRMs exhibit substantial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haotian Zhang , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Jiayan Qiu , Likang Xiao , Yanwei Ren , Quan Chen , Xianglong Liu

Incorporating external context can significantly enhance the response quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, real-world contexts often mix relevant information with disproportionate inappropriate content, posing reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Cheng Qian , Yifan Shen , Yanzhou Pan , Zhaozhuo Xu , Ahmed Abbasi , Heng Ji , Denghui Zhang

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to achieve rapid task adaptation by learning from demonstrations. With the increase in available context length of LLMs, recent experiments have shown that the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Yao Hu , Kan Li

The Neural Contextual Reinforcement Framework introduces an innovative approach to enhancing the logical coherence and structural consistency of text generated by large language models. Leveraging reinforcement learning principles, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Marcus Irvin , William Cooper , Edward Hughes , Jessica Morgan , Christopher Hamilton

When performing tasks like automatic speech recognition or spoken language understanding for a given utterance, access to preceding text or audio provides contextual information can improve performance. Considering the recent advances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Suwon Shon , Kwangyoun Kim , Prashant Sridhar , Yi-Te Hsu , Shinji Watanabe , Karen Livescu

Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Chen , Ye He , Yuchun Fan , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Maosong Sun , Wanxiang Che

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with context fidelity, producing inconsistent answers when responding to questions based on provided information. Existing approaches either rely on expensive supervised fine-tuning to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Suyuchen Wang , Jinlin Wang , Xinyu Wang , Shiqi Li , Xiangru Tang , Sirui Hong , Xiao-Wen Chang , Chenglin Wu , Bang Liu

Progress on training and architecture strategies has enabled LLMs with millions of tokens in context length. However, empirical evidence suggests that such long-context LLMs can consume far more text than they can reliably use. On the other…

Faithful generation in large language models (LLMs) is challenged by knowledge conflicts between parametric memory and external context. Existing contrastive decoding methods tuned specifically to handle conflict often lack adaptability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Anant Khandelwal , Manish Gupta , Puneet Agrawal

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate proficiency across diverse tasks but often require targeted adaptations for specific applications. Various methods have been proposed to facilitate this adaptation, including fewshot fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rajesh Upadhayaya , Manish Raj Osti , Zachary Smith , Chritopher Kottmyer

We propose ContextRL, a novel framework that leverages context augmentation to overcome these bottlenecks. Specifically, to enhance Identifiability, we provide the reward model with full reference solutions as context, enabling fine-grained…

With the rising popularity of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), reducing their high inference costs has become a significant research focus. One effective approach is to compress the long input contexts. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xiangfeng Wang , Zaiyi Chen , Zheyong Xie , Tong Xu , Yongyi He , Enhong Chen

Stance classification, the task of predicting the viewpoint of an author on a subject of interest, has long been a focal point of research in domains ranging from social science to machine learning. Current stance detection methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Iain J. Cruickshank , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng