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As large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate emotionally sensitive conversations, especially in mental health contexts, their ability to recognize and respond to high-risk situations becomes a matter of public safety. This study…

There is a significant body of work looking at the ethical considerations of large language models (LLMs): critiquing tools to measure performance and harms; proposing toolkits to aid in ideation; discussing the risks to workers;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Eddie L. Ungless , Nikolas Vitsakis , Zeerak Talat , James Garforth , Björn Ross , Arno Onken , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Alexandra Birch

Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed rapid advancements, demonstrating remarkable capabilities. However, a notable vulnerability persists: LLMs often uncritically accept flawed or contradictory premises, leading to inefficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jinzhe Li , Gengxu Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly integrated with various applications. To ensure that LLMs do not generate unsafe responses, they are aligned with safeguards that specify what content is restricted. However, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Hongyu Cai , Arjun Arunasalam , Leo Y. Lin , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming research on machine learning while galvanizing public debates. Understanding not only when these models work well and succeed but also why they fail and misbehave is of great societal relevance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Julian Coda-Forno , Kristin Witte , Akshay K. Jagadish , Marcel Binz , Zeynep Akata , Eric Schulz

Recently Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved considerable advancements in vision-language tasks, yet produce potentially harmful or untrustworthy content. Despite substantial work investigating the trustworthiness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yanxu Zhu , Shitong Duan , Xiangxu Zhang , Jitao Sang , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Xiao Zhou , Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

Large language models are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios, including research and education. These models, however, come with well-known ethical issues, which may manifest in unexpected ways in human-computer interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shivani Kapania , Ruiyi Wang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Tianshi Li , Hong Shen

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

The application scope of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly expanding. In practical use, users might provide feedback based on the model's output, hoping for a responsive model that can complete responses according to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Yue Zhang

With the proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse domains, there is a particular need for unified evaluation standards in clinical medical scenarios, where models need to be examined very thoroughly. We present CliMedBench,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zetian Ouyang , Yishuai Qiu , Linlin Wang , Gerard de Melo , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Liang He

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-risk domains such as law, finance, and medicine, systematically evaluating their domain-specific safety and compliance becomes critical. While prior work has largely focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zheng Hui , Yijiang River Dong , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel on standardized medical exams, high scores often fail to translate to high-quality responses for real-world medical queries. Current evaluations rely heavily on multiple-choice questions, failing to…

As language models (LMs) become capable of handling a wide range of tasks, their evaluation is becoming as challenging as their development. Most generation benchmarks currently assess LMs using abstract evaluation criteria like helpfulness…

This paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) should incorporate explicit mechanisms for human empathy. As LLMs become increasingly deployed in high-stakes human-centered settings, their success depends not only on correctness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Jun Yu

Large language models (LLMs) frequently fail to challenge users' harmful beliefs in domains ranging from medical advice to social reasoning. We argue that these failures can be understood and addressed pragmatically as consequences of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Myra Cheng , Robert D. Hawkins , Dan Jurafsky

With the rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) in medicine, a key question is whether they can function as competent pediatricians in real-world clinical settings. We developed PEDIASBench, a systematic evaluation framework centered on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Siyu Zhu , Mouxiao Bian , Yue Xie , Yongyu Tang , Zhikang Yu , Tianbin Li , Pengcheng Chen , Bing Han , Jie Xu , Xiaoyan Dong

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) have ethical-related problems such as social biases, lack of moral reasoning, and generation of offensive content. The existing evaluation metrics and methods to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala , Timothy Baldwin

Content Warning: This paper contains participant quotes and discussions related to mental health challenges, emotional distress, and suicidal ideation. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for mental health support, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ningjing Tang , Alice Qian , Qiaosi Wang , Esther Howe , Blake Bullwinkel , Paola Pedrelli , Jina Suh , Hoda Heidari , Hong Shen

As Large Language Models increasingly mediate human communication and decision-making, understanding their value expression becomes critical for research across disciplines. This work presents the Ethics Engine, a modular Python pipeline…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jake Van Clief , Constantine Kyritsopoulos