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End-to-end autonomous driving demonstrates strong planning capabilities with large-scale data but still struggles in complex, rare scenarios due to limited commonsense. In contrast, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bo Jiang , Shaoyu Chen , Bencheng Liao , Xingyu Zhang , Wei Yin , Qian Zhang , Chang Huang , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm for directly mapping sensor inputs to planning maneuvers using learning-based modular integrations. However, existing imitation learning (IL)-based models suffer from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haochen Liu , Tianyu Li , Haohan Yang , Li Chen , Caojun Wang , Ke Guo , Haochen Tian , Hongchen Li , Hongyang Li , Chen Lv

Large-scale contrastive pre-training produces powerful Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) capable of generating representations (embeddings) effective for a wide variety of visual and multimodal tasks. However, these pretrained embeddings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nikolaos-Antonios Ypsilantis , Kaifeng Chen , André Araujo , Ondřej Chum

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving robust and intelligent driving policies. However, existing end-to-end methods still face significant challenges, such as suboptimal decision-making in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiru Zheng , Yun Zhao , Zhan Gong , Hong Zhu , Shaohua Wu

End-to-End (E2E) solutions have emerged as a mainstream approach for autonomous driving systems, with Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models representing a new paradigm that leverages pre-trained multimodal knowledge from Vision-Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Pengxiang Li , Yinan Zheng , Yue Wang , Huimin Wang , Hang Zhao , Jingjing Liu , Xianyuan Zhan , Kun Zhan , Xianpeng Lang

Personalization, while extensively studied in conventional autonomous driving pipelines, has been largely overlooked in the context of end-to-end autonomous driving (E2EAD), despite its critical role in fostering user trust, safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ruiyang Hao , Bowen Jing , Haibao Yu , Zaiqing Nie

Video recognition has been dominated by the end-to-end learning paradigm -- first initializing a video recognition model with weights of a pretrained image model and then conducting end-to-end training on videos. This enables the video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Ziyi Lin , Shijie Geng , Renrui Zhang , Peng Gao , Gerard de Melo , Xiaogang Wang , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

Recent advances in generative models have sparked exciting new possibilities in the field of autonomous vehicles. Specifically, video generation models are now being explored as controllable virtual testing environments. Simultaneously,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Yijing Bai , Yingwei Li , Yuliang Zou , Bo Sun , Abhijit Kundu , Jose Lezama , Luna Yue Huang , Zehao Zhu , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan , Chiyu Max Jiang

In recent years, considerable progress has been made towards a vehicle's ability to operate autonomously. An end-to-end approach attempts to achieve autonomous driving using a single, comprehensive software component. Recent breakthroughs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Hege Haavaldsen , Max Aasboe , Frank Lindseth

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD), providing a unified framework for perception and decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by significant computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Minhao Xiong , Zichen Wen , Zhuangcheng Gu , Xuyang Liu , Rui Zhang , Hengrui Kang , Jiabing Yang , Junyuan Zhang , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Yafei Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Existing encoder-free vision-language models (VLMs) are rapidly narrowing the performance gap with their encoder-based counterparts, highlighting the promising potential for unified multimodal systems with structural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Haiwen Diao , Xiaotong Li , Yufeng Cui , Yueze Wang , Haoge Deng , Ting Pan , Wenxuan Wang , Huchuan Lu , Xinlong Wang

Recent advances in end-to-end autonomous driving leverage multi-view images to construct BEV representations for motion planning. In motion planning, autonomous vehicles need considering both hard constraints imposed by geometrically…

Existing Vision-Language models (VLMs) estimate either long-term trajectory waypoints or a set of control actions as a reactive solution for closed-loop planning based on their rich scene comprehension. However, these estimations are coarse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Pranjal Paul , Anant Garg , Tushar Choudhary , Arun Kumar Singh , K. Madhava Krishna

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving methods still struggle to make correct decisions in interactive closed-loop evaluation due to limited causal reasoning capability. Current methods attempt to leverage the powerful understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoyu Fu , Diankun Zhang , Zongchuang Zhao , Jianfeng Cui , Dingkang Liang , Chong Zhang , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

Most current end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving algorithms are built on standard vehicles in structured transportation scenarios, lacking exploration of robot navigation for unstructured scenarios such as auxiliary roads, campus roads, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhang Peng , Sidong Wang , Jihaoyu Yang , Shilong Li , Han Wang , Jiangtao Gong

End-to-End driving is a promising paradigm as it circumvents the drawbacks associated with modular systems, such as their overwhelming complexity and propensity for error propagation. Autonomous driving transcends conventional traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Pranav Singh Chib , Pravendra Singh

End-to-end autonomous driving frameworks face persistent challenges in generalization, training efficiency, and interpretability. While recent methods leverage Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through supervised learning on large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lin Li , Yuxin Cai , Jianwu Fang , Jianru Xue , Chen Lv

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, the field still lacks a practical platform that enables dynamic model updates, rapid validation, fair comparison, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhijie Qiao , Haowei Li , Zhong Cao , Henry X. Liu

This paper presents a LiDAR-based end-to-end autonomous driving method with Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication integration, termed V2X-Lead, to address the challenges of navigating unregulated urban scenarios under mixed-autonomy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Zhiyun Deng , Yanjun Shi , Weiming Shen

Autonomous driving systems require a comprehensive understanding of the environment, achieved by extracting visual features essential for perception, planning, and control. However, models trained solely on single-task objectives or generic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Huy-Dung Nguyen , Anass Bairouk , Mirjana Maras , Wei Xiao , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Patrick Chareyre , Ramin Hasani , Marc Blanchon , Daniela Rus