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Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale image-text pairs has achieved huge success for the cross-modal downstream tasks. The most existing pre-training methods mainly adopt a two-step training procedure, which firstly employs a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Haiyang Xu , Ming Yan , Chenliang Li , Bin Bi , Songfang Huang , Wenming Xiao , Fei Huang

Existing vision-language models (VLMs) mostly rely on vision encoders to extract visual features followed by large language models (LLMs) for visual-language tasks. However, the vision encoders set a strong inductive bias in abstracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Haiwen Diao , Yufeng Cui , Xiaotong Li , Yueze Wang , Huchuan Lu , Xinlong Wang

V2X cooperation, through the integration of sensor data from both vehicles and infrastructure, is considered a pivotal approach to advancing autonomous driving technology. Current research primarily focuses on enhancing perception accuracy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Zhiwei Li , Bozhen Zhang , Lei Yang , Tianyu Shen , Nuo Xu , Ruosen Hao , Weiting Li , Tao Yan , Huaping Liu

Vision-based end-to-end (E2E) driving has garnered significant interest in the research community due to its scalability and synergy with multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, current E2E driving benchmarks primarily feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Runsheng Xu , Hubert Lin , Wonseok Jeon , Hao Feng , Yuliang Zou , Liting Sun , John Gorman , Ekaterina Tolstaya , Sarah Tang , Brandyn White , Ben Sapp , Mingxing Tan , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Dragomir Anguelov

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has emerged as a trend in the field of autonomous driving, promising a data-driven, scalable approach to system design. However, existing E2E-AD methods usually adopt the sequential paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiaosong Jia , Junqi You , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

Training and transferring learning-based policies for quadrotors from simulation to reality remains challenging due to inefficient visual rendering, physical modeling inaccuracies, unmodeled sensor discrepancies, and the absence of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Fangyu Sun , Fanxing Li , Linzuo Zhang , Yu Hu , Renbiao Jin , Shuyu Wu , Wenxian Yu , Danping Zou

Many fields could benefit from the rapid development of the large language models (LLMs). The end-to-end autonomous driving (e2eAD) is one of the typically fields facing new opportunities as the LLMs have supported more and more modalities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Peiru Zheng , Yun Zhao , Zhan Gong , Hong Zhu , Shaohua Wu

Vision-language models (VLMs) are typically composed of a vision encoder, e.g. CLIP, and a language model (LM) that interprets the encoded features to solve downstream tasks. Despite remarkable progress, VLMs are subject to several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Alessio Tonioni , Petra Poklukar , Achin Kulshrestha , Amir Zamir , Federico Tombari

Vision-Language Models(VLMs) excel at autoregressive text generation, yet end-to-end autonomous driving requires multi-task learning with structured outputs and heterogeneous decoding behaviors, such as autoregressive language generation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yiwei Zhang , Xuesong Chen , Jin Gao , Hanshi Wang , Fudong Ge , Weiming Hu , Shaoshuai Shi , Zhipeng Zhang

We present Flex, an efficient and effective scene encoder that addresses the computational bottleneck of processing high-volume multi-camera data in end-to-end autonomous driving. Flex employs a small set of learnable scene tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiawei Yang , Ziyu Chen , Yurong You , Yan Wang , Yiming Li , Yuxiao Chen , Boyi Li , Boris Ivanovic , Marco Pavone , Yue Wang

Conventional end-to-end (E2E) driving models are effective at generating physically plausible trajectories, but often fail to generalize to long-tail scenarios due to the lack of essential world knowledge to understand and reason about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yu Gao , Anqing Jiang , Yiru Wang , Wang Jijun , Hao Jiang , Zhigang Sun , Heng Yuwen , Wang Shuo , Hao Zhao , Sun Hao

End-to-end autonomous driving has received increasing attention due to its potential to learn from large amounts of data. However, most existing methods are still open-loop and suffer from weak scalability, lack of high-order interactions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenzhao Zheng , Zetian Xia , Yuanhui Huang , Sicheng Zuo , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

End-to-end learning has emerged as a transformative paradigm in autonomous driving. However, the inherently multimodal nature of driving behaviors and the generalization challenges in long-tail scenarios remain critical obstacles to robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Zhao , Yuze Fan , Ziguo Chen , Fei Gao , Zhenhai Gao

Our objective in this work is video-text retrieval - in particular a joint embedding that enables efficient text-to-video retrieval. The challenges in this area include the design of the visual architecture and the nature of the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Max Bain , Arsha Nagrani , Gül Varol , Andrew Zisserman

Modular end-to-end (ME2E) autonomous driving paradigms combine modular interpretability with global optimization capability and have demonstrated strong performance. However, existing studies mainly focus on accuracy improvement, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chengzhi Ji , Xingfeng Li , Zhaodong Lv , Hao Sun , Pan Liu , Hao Frank Yang , Ziyuan Pu

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has recently emerged as a new paradigm, offering significant potential. However, few studies have looked into the practical challenge of deployment across domains (e.g., cities). Although several works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rajeev Yasarla , Shizhong Han , Hsin-Pai Cheng , Litian Liu , Shweta Mahajan , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Yunxiao Shi , Risheek Garrepalli , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli

Integrating vision-language models (VLMs) into end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) systems has shown promise in improving scene understanding. However, existing integration strategies suffer from several limitations: they either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wenhui Huang , Songyan Zhang , Qihang Huang , Zhidong Wang , Zhiqi Mao , Collister Chua , Zhan Chen , Long Chen , Chen Lv

Driving planning is a critical component of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, prevailing Imitative E2E Planners often suffer from multimodal trajectory mode collapse, failing to produce diverse trajectory proposals. Meanwhile,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lin Liu , Caiyan Jia , Guanyi Yu , Ziying Song , JunQiao Li , Feiyang Jia , Peiliang Wu , Xiaoshuai Hao , Yadan Luo

As autonomous driving technology matures, end-to-end methodologies have emerged as a leading strategy, promising seamless integration from perception to control via deep learning. However, existing systems grapple with challenges such as…

Existing vision tokenization isolates the optimization of vision tokenizers from downstream training, implicitly assuming the visual tokens can generalize well across various tasks, e.g., image generation and visual question answering. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenxuan Wang , Fan Zhang , Yufeng Cui , Haiwen Diao , Zhuoyan Luo , Huchuan Lu , Jing Liu , Xinlong Wang