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Related papers: Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 1…

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Since the entropy of stationary black holes in Horndeski gravity will be modified by the non-minimally coupling scalar field, a significant issue of whether the Wald entropy still obeys the linearized second law of black hole thermodynamics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-12 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

In a gedanken experiment in which a box initially containing energy $E$ and entropy $S$ is lowered toward a black hole and then dropped in, it was shown by Unruh and Wald that the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics holds,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 M. A. Pelath , Robert M. Wald

We conjecture a novel Generalized Second Law that can be applied in cosmology, regardless of whether an event horizon is present: the generalized entropy increases monotonically outside of certain hypersurfaces we call past Q-screens. A…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Raphael Bousso , Netta Engelhardt

The extended black hole thermodynamics in which the cosmological constant plays the role of pressure significantly enriches the phase structure of the theory. In order to understand the extended black hole thermodynamics more precisely, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 De-Chang Dai , Djordje Minic , Dejan Stojkovic

If simple entropy in the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for a Schwarzschild black hole is replaced with 'negative' quantum conditional entropy, which quantifies quantum entanglement, of positive-energy particles of the black hole relative to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-04 Koji Azuma , Go Kato

In classical general relativity described by Einstein-Hilbert gravity, black holes behave as thermodynamic objects. In particular, the laws of black hole mechanics can be interpreted as laws of thermodynamics. The first law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Felix M. Haehl , Nilay Kundu , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

We study the classical second law of black hole thermodynamics, for Lovelock theories (other than General Relativity), in arbitrary dimensions. Using the standard formula for black hole entropy, we construct scenarios involving the merger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-06 Sudipta Sarkar , Aron C. Wall

The generalized second law of thermodynamics for a system containing a black hole dynamical horizon is proposed in a covariant way. Its validity is also tested in case of adiabatically collapsing thick light shells.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Song He , Hongbao Zhang

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We examine the Zeroth Law and the Second Law of black hole thermodynamics within the context of effective gravitational actions including higher curvature interactions. We show that entropy can never decrease for quasi-stationary processes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Ted Jacobson , Gungwon Kang , Robert C. Myers

Modified gravity and generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics are interesting topics in the modern cosmology. In this regard, we investigate the GSL of gravitational thermodynamics in the framework of modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-22 A. Abdolmaleki , T. Najafi

We study the variation of the massive black hole in both normal and extended thermodynamic phase spaces via two methods. The first method includes a charged particle absorbed by the black hole, while the second method includes a shell of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-02 Shi-Qian Hu , Bo Liu , Xiao-Mei Kuang , Rui-Hong Yue

The study of black hole thermodynamics becomes a central topic in gravitational physics, where the first law and the Smarr relation establish a deep connection between spacetime geometry and thermodynamic laws. As we know, these relations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-04 Usman Zafar , Krishnakanta Bhattacharya , Kazuharu Bamba

We present a semi-rigorous justification of Bekenstein's Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics applicable to a universe with black holes present, based on a generic quantum gravity formulation of a black hole spacetime, where the bulk…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-03 Parthasarathi Majumdar

In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in flat FRW chameleon cosmology where the boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon. It has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 H. Farajollahi , A. Salehi , F. Tayebi

I review various proposals for the nature of black hole entropy and for the mechanism behind the operation of the generalized second law. I stress the merits of entanglement entropy {\tenit qua\/} black hole entropy, and point out that,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Jacob D. Bekenstein

This Letter considers the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics in two scenarios featuring a phantom dominated expansion plus a black hole. The law is violated in both scenarios.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 German Izquierdo , Diego Pavon

We propose a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole$-$valid to leading order for perturbations off of a stationary black hole background$-$in an arbitrary classical diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian theory of gravity in $n$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-02 Stefan Hollands , Robert M. Wald , Victor G. Zhang

We reconsider the possibility of violating the generalized second law of thermodynamics in theories with spontaneous Lorentz violation. It has been proposed that this may be accomplished in particular with a black hole immersed in a ghost…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-05 Brian Feldstein

We have considered that the universe is the inhomogeneous $(n+2)$ dimensional quasi-spherical Szekeres space-time model. We consider the universe as a thermodynamical system with the horizon surface as a boundary of the system. To study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-20 Ujjal Debnath