Related papers: Black hole thermodynamics at null infinity. Part 1…
Black hole thermodynamics provides a unique setting in which general relativity, quantum field theory, and statistical mechanics converge. In semiclassical gravity, this interplay culminates in the generalized second law (GSL), whose modern…
The generalized second law states the total entropy of any closed system as the universe cannot decrease if we include black hole entropy. From the point of view of an asymptotic observer, a black hole can be described at late time as an…
In black hole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the black hole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of black hole dynamics extends to the…
Jacob Bekenstein's identification of black hole event horizon area with entropy proved to be a landmark in theoretical physics. In this paper we trace the subsequent development of the resulting generalized second law of thermodynamics…
We investigate the generalized second law for two-dimensional black holes in equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking) and nonequilibrium (Unruh) with the heat bath surrounding the black holes. We obtain a simple expression for the change of total…
We investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) in generalized theories of gravity. We examine the total entropy evolution with time including the horizon entropy, the non-equilibrium entropy production, and the entropy of…
In blackhole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the blackhole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of blackhole dynamics extends to the…
The accretion of phantom fields by black holes within a thermodynamic context is addressed. For a fluid violating the dominant energy condition, case of a phantom fluid, the Euler and Gibbs relations permit two different possibilities for…
Here we apply the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics (GSL) to black holes accreting and emitting in the present Universe and derive upper limits on the variation in the gravitational constant G. The limits depend on how the…
It has been conjectured that black hole interacting with its surroundings will obey the Generalized Second Law ($GSL$) of thermodynamics. Conservation of $GSL$ is due to the fully thermal nature of Hawking radiation and an upper bound on…
When a black hole is in an empty space on which there is no matter field except that of the Hawking radiation (Hawking field), then the black hole evaporates and the entropy of the black hole decreases. The generalised second law guarantees…
The generalized second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases when all event horizons are attributed with an entropy proportional to their area. We test the generalized second law by investigating the change in entropy…
The generalized second law (GSL) of black hole thermodynamics states that the sum of changes in black hole entropy and the ordinary entropy of matter and fields outside the hole must be non-negative. In the classical limit, the GSL reduces…
The generalized second law can be used to prove a singularity theorem, by generalizing the notion of a trapped surface to quantum situations. Like Penrose's original singularity theorem, it implies that spacetime is null geodesically…
Motivated by some earlier works \cite{pavon,sadjadi} dealing with the study of generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics for a system comprising of a Schwarzschild black accreting a test non-self-gravitating fluid namely phantom energy…
We study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in $f(T)$ cosmology. We consider the universe as a closed bounded system filled with $n$ component fluids in the thermal equilibrium with the cosmological boundary. We use two…
Bekenstein's generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics asserts that the sum of black-hole entropy, $S_{\text{BH}}=Ac^3/4\hbar G$ (here $A$ is the black-hole surface area), and the ordinary entropy of matter and radiation fields in the…
Although the entropy of black holes in any diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity can be expressed as the Wald entropy, the issue of whether the entropy always obeys the second law of black hole thermodynamics remains open. Since the…
The Generalized First Law (GFL) and the Generalized Second Law (GSL) of thermodynamics are searched for effective and alternative cosmic models using the entropy as a function of the apparent area, transforming the effective cosmological…
In the previous analyses in the literature about the generalized second law (GSL) in an accelerated expanding universe the usual area relation for the entropy, i.e. $S={A\over 4G}$, was used for the cosmological horizon entropy. But this…