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State-of-the-art multilingual machine translation relies on a universal encoder-decoder, which requires retraining the entire system to add new languages. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach that is based on language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa , Mikel Artetxe

Massively multilingual language models such as multilingual BERT offer state-of-the-art cross-lingual transfer performance on a range of NLP tasks. However, due to limited capacity and large differences in pretraining data sizes, there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych , Sebastian Ruder

Multilingual pre-trained language models transfer remarkably well on cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the extent to which they learn language-neutral representations (i.e., shared representations that encode similar phenomena across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Remi Lebret , Antoine Bosselut , Karl Aberer

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle across tasks outside of high-resource languages. In this work, we investigate cross-lingual transfer to lower-resource languages where task-specific post-training data is scarce. Building on prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Lucas Bandarkar , Nanyun Peng

This work presents a novel framework for training Arabic nested embedding models through Matryoshka Embedding Learning, leveraging multilingual, Arabic-specific, and English-based models, to highlight the power of nested embeddings models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Omer Nacar , Anis Koubaa

Choosing an appropriate tokenization scheme is often a bottleneck in low-resource cross-lingual transfer. To understand the downstream implications of text representation choices, we perform a comparative analysis on language models having…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Popular benchmarks (e.g., XNLI) used to evaluate cross-lingual language understanding consist of parallel versions of English evaluation sets in multiple target languages created with the help of professional translators. When creating such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ashish Sunil Agrawal , Barah Fazili , Preethi Jyothi

Sentiment analysis is a fundamental and valuable task in NLP. However, due to limitations in data and technological availability, research into sentiment analysis of African languages has been fragmented and lacking. With the recent release…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Saurav K. Aryal , Howard Prioleau , Surakshya Aryal

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer utilizing multilingual LLMs has become a popular learning paradigm for low-resource languages with no labeled training data. However, for NLP tasks that involve fine-grained predictions on words and phrases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Duong Minh Le , Yang Chen , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems mostly benefit low resource languages but suffer degradation in performance across several languages relative to their monolingual counterparts. Limited studies have focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Muhammad Umar Farooq , Thomas Hain

Bilingual word embeddings have been widely used to capture the similarity of lexical semantics in different human languages. However, many applications, such as cross-lingual semantic search and question answering, can be largely benefited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Haochen Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Steven Skiena , Carlo Zaniolo

In this paper, we use the framework of neural machine translation to learn joint sentence representations across six very different languages. Our aim is that a representation which is independent of the language, is likely to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Holger Schwenk , Matthijs Douze

We develop and investigate several cross-lingual alignment approaches for neural sentence embedding models, such as the supervised inference classifier, InferSent, and sequential encoder-decoder models. We evaluate three alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Hanan Aldarmaki , Mona Diab

Do architectural differences significantly affect the way models represent and process language? We propose a new approach, based on metric-learning encoding models (MLEMs), as a first step to answer this question. The approach provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jeanne Salle , Louis Jalouzot , Nur Lan , Emmanuel Chemla , Yair Lakretz

While large language models are trained on massive datasets, this data is heavily skewed towards English. Does their impressive performance reflect genuine ability or just this data advantage? To find out, we tested them in a setting where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ritesh Sunil Chavan , Jack Mostow

In the pursuit of supporting more languages around the world, tools that characterize properties of languages play a key role in expanding the existing multilingual NLP research. In this study, we focus on a widely used typological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hasti Toossi , Guo Qing Huai , Jinyu Liu , Eric Khiu , A. Seza Doğruöz , En-Shiun Annie Lee

We present a novel cross-lingual transfer method for paradigm completion, the task of mapping a lemma to its inflected forms, using a neural encoder-decoder model, the state of the art for the monolingual task. We use labeled data from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Katharina Kann , Ryan Cotterell , Hinrich Schütze

With the increase in availability of large pre-trained language models (LMs) in Natural Language Processing (NLP), it becomes critical to assess their fit for a specific target task a priori - as fine-tuning the entire space of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Elisa Bassignana , Max Müller-Eberstein , Mike Zhang , Barbara Plank

Embedding models are crucial to modern NLP. However, the creation of the most effective models relies on carefully constructed supervised finetuning data. For high resource languages, such as English, such datasets are readily available.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Merve Basoz , Andrew Horne , Mattia Opper

Recent trends in NLP research have raised an interest in linguistic code-switching (CS); modern approaches have been proposed to solve a wide range of NLP tasks on multiple language pairs. Unfortunately, these proposed methods are hardly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Gustavo Aguilar , Sudipta Kar , Thamar Solorio