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Cross-lingual transfer is a popular approach to increase the amount of training data for NLP tasks in a low-resource context. However, the best strategy to decide which cross-lingual data to include is unclear. Prior research often focuses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Verena Blaschke , Masha Fedzechkina , Maartje ter Hoeve

Cross-lingual transfer learning is an important property of multilingual large language models (LLMs). But how do LLMs represent relationships between languages? Every language model has an input layer that maps tokens to vectors. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various software engineering tasks, including error detection, clone detection, and code translation, primarily leveraging high-resource programming languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Razan Baltaji , Saurabh Pujar , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel , Luca Buratti , Lav Varshney

This paper simulates a low-resource setting across 17 languages in order to evaluate embedding similarity, stability, and reliability under different conditions. The goal is to use corpus similarity measures before training to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Jonathan Dunn , Haipeng Li , Damian Sastre

Cross-lingual representations have the potential to make NLP techniques available to the vast majority of languages in the world. However, they currently require large pretraining corpora or access to typologically similar languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Wei Zhao , Steffen Eger , Johannes Bjerva , Isabelle Augenstein

NLP research on aligning lexical representation spaces to one another has so far focused on aligning language spaces in their entirety. However, cognitive science has long focused on a local perspective, investigating whether translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Taelin Karidi , Eitan Grossman , Omri Abend

Cross-lingual transfer has become a crucial aspect of multilingual NLP, as it allows for models trained on resource-rich languages to be applied to low-resource languages more effectively. Recently massively multilingual pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ajitesh Bankula , Praney Bankula

Transfer learning has led to large gains in performance for nearly all NLP tasks while making downstream models easier and faster to train. This has also been extended to low-resourced languages, with some success. We investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Michael Beukman , Manuel Fokam

This research examines how well different methods measure semantic similarity, which is important for various software engineering applications such as code search, API recommendations, automated code reviews, and refactoring tools. While…

Modern NLP applications have enjoyed a great boost utilizing neural networks models. Such deep neural models, however, are not applicable to most human languages due to the lack of annotated training data for various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Xilun Chen , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Hany Hassan , Wei Wang , Claire Cardie

We explore the transferability of a multilingual neural machine translation model to unseen languages when the transfer is grounded solely on the cross-lingual word embeddings. Our experimental results show that the translation knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Shifei Chen , Ali Basirat

Lexical gaps are words that do not exist in certain languages. They pose challenges for building multilingual lexical resources, for machine translation, and for cross-lingual transfer. Existing lexical gap detection relies on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yoonwon Jung , Aaron S. Cohen , Benjamin K. Bergen

Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit robust cross-lingual transfer capabilities, or the ability to leverage information acquired in a source language and apply it to a target language. These capabilities find practical applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shadi Manafi , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Crosslingual word embeddings represent lexical items from different languages in the same vector space, enabling transfer of NLP tools. However, previous attempts had expensive resource requirements, difficulty incorporating monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Long Duong , Hiroshi Kanayama , Tengfei Ma , Steven Bird , Trevor Cohn

With the involvement of multiple programming languages in modern software development, cross-lingual code clone detection has gained traction within the software engineering community. Numerous studies have explored this topic, proposing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Micheline Bénédicte Moumoula , Abdoul Kader Kabore , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyande

Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui , Chris Dyer , Dan Roth

Cross-lingual language tasks typically require a substantial amount of annotated data or parallel translation data. We explore whether language representations that capture relationships among languages can be learned and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Dian Yu , Taiqi He , Kenji Sagae

Cross-lingual transfer learning enables NLP for low-resource languages by leveraging labeled data from higher-resource sources, yet existing comparisons of source language selection strategies do not control for total training data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tewodros Kederalah Idris , Roald Eiselen , Prasenjit Mitra

We study the problem of multilingual masked language modeling, i.e. the training of a single model on concatenated text from multiple languages, and present a detailed study of several factors that influence why these models are so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Shijie Wu , Alexis Conneau , Haoran Li , Luke Zettlemoyer , Veselin Stoyanov

Most Transformer language models are primarily pretrained on English text, limiting their use for other languages. As the model sizes grow, the performance gap between English and other languages with fewer compute and data resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm
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