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This paper presents a detailed measurement campaign and a comprehensive analysis of 15 GHz ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) channels tailored for the urban microcell (UMi) environment. Channel sounding is performed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Panpan Shi , Yang Wang , Xi Liao , Tianhao Li , Jiliang Zhang , Jie Zhang

The initial 6G networks will likely operate in the upper mid-band (7-24 GHz), which has decent propagation conditions but underwhelming new spectrum availability. In this paper, we explore whether we can anyway reach the ambitious 6G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emil Björnson , Ferdi Kara , Nikolaos Kolomvakis , Alva Kosasih , Parisa Ramezani , Murat Babek Salman

This paper presents a new system model to evaluate the capacity and power consumption of multi-layer 6G networks utilising the upper mid-band (FR3). The model captures heterogeneous 4G, 5G, and 6G deployments, analyzing their performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Giovanni Geraci

Communications at mmWave frequencies will be a key enabler of the next generation of cellular networks, due to the multi-Gbps rate that can be achieved. However, there are still several problems that must be solved before this technology…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Menglei Zhang , Michele Polese , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan , Michele Zorzi

Large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) holds great promise for the fifth-generation (5G) and future communication systems. In near-field scenarios, the spherical wavefront model is commonly utilized to accurately depict the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Hao Jiang , Wangqi Shi , Xiao Chen , Qiuming Zhu , Zhen Chen

This paper presents detailed radio propagation measurements for an indoor factory (InF) environment at 6.75 GHz and 16.95 GHz using a 1 GHz bandwidth channel sounder. Conducted at the NYU MakerSpace in the NYU Tandon School of Engineering…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Mingjun Ying , Dipankar Shakya , Theodore S. Rappaport , Peijie Ma , Yanbo Wang , Idris Al-Wazani , Yanze Wu , Hitesh Poddar

Next generation cellular deployments are expected to exploit the 6-24 GHz frequency range 3 (FR3) and extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) to enable ultra-high data rates and reliability. However, the significantly…

We present detailed multipath propagation spatial statistics for next-generation wireless systems operating at lower and upper mid-band frequencies spanning 6--24 GHz. The large-scale spatial characteristics of the wireless channel include…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Dipankar Shakya , Mingjun Ying , Theodore S. Rappaport

This study delves into the comprehensive characterization of large-scale channels at centimeter wave frequencies 7-15 GHz for urban macro/micro and suburban environments. Path-loss, large-scale fading, and angular channel statistics are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-02 K. F. Nieman , O. Kanhere , S. S. Ghassemzadeh

Frequency Range 3 (FR3) in the 7-24 GHz band will be the new spectrum for 6G wireless networks. The bandwidth availability and diversity of FR3 offer unprecedented opportunities for coherent multiband Integrated Sensing and Communications…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Jacopo Pegoraro , Gianmaria Ventura , Dario Tagliaferri , Marco Mezzavilla , Andrea Bedin , Michele Rossi , Joerg Widmer

The upper mid-band - roughly from 7 to 24 GHz - has attracted considerable recent interest for new cellular services. This frequency range has vastly more spectrum than the highly congested bands below 7 GHz while offering more favorable…

Many concepts for future generations of wireless communication systems use coherent processing of signals from many distributed antennas. The aim is to improve communication reliability, capacity, and energy efficiency and provide…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Christian Nelson , Xuhong Li , Aleksei Fedorov , Benjamin J. B. Deutschmann , Fredrik Tufvesson

To support the high data rates for latency-critical applications, future wireless systems will employ fully digital beamforming multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. Moreover, mmWave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Faruk Pasic , Mariam Mussbah , Stefan Schwarz , Markus Rupp , Christoph F. Mecklenbräuker

This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David López-Pérez , Nicola Piovesan , Matteo Bernabè

New spectrum allocations in the 4--8 GHz FR1(C) and 7--24 GHz FR3 mid-band frequency spectrum are being considered for 5G/6G cellular deployments. This paper presents results from the world's first comprehensive indoor hotspot (InH)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-08 Dipankar Shakya , Mingjun Ying , Theodore S. Rappaport , Hitesh Poddar , Peijie Ma , Yanbo Wang , Idris Al-Wazani

The upper midband, designated as Frequency Range 3 (FR3), is increasingly critical for the next-generation of wireless networks. Channel propagation measurements and their statistical analysis are essential first steps towards this…

The 4--8 GHz FR1(C) and 7--24 GHz upper mid-band FR3 spectrum are promising new 6G spectrum allocations being considered by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and major governments around the world. There is an urgent need to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-03 Dipankar Shakya , Mingjun Ying , Theodore S. Rappaport , Hitesh Poddar , Peijie Ma , Yanbo Wang , Idris Al-Wazani

The growing demand for higher data rates and expanded bandwidth is driving the exploration of new frequency ranges, including the upper mid-band spectrum (6-24 GHz), which is a promising candidate for future Frequency Range 3 (FR3)…

In this paper, we investigate the propagation coupling loss (captures all sources of attenuation between serving cell and mobile station (MS)) and geometry metric (GM) (downlink average signal-to-interference plus noise ratio) performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Nadisanka Rupasinghe , Yuichi Kakishima , Ismail Guvenc

Global allocations in the upper mid-band spectrum (4--24 GHz) necessitate a comprehensive exploration of the propagation behavior to meet the promise of coverage and capacity. This paper presents an extensive Urban Microcell (UMi) outdoor…