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This paper proposes the incorporation of static event-triggered control in the actuation path of Newton-based extremum seeking and its comparison with the earlier gradient version. As in the continuous methods, the convergence rate of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstic , Paulo Tabuada

This paper presents the design of an extremum seeking controller based on sliding modes and cyclic search for real-time optimization of non-linear multivariable dynamic systems. These systems have arbitrary relative degree, compensated by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Nerito Oliveira Aminde , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Liu Hsu

Extremum seeking control (ESC) are optimization algorithms in continuous time, with model-based ESCs using true derivative information of the cost function and model-free ESCs utilizing perturbation-based estimates instead. Stability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Patrick McNamee , Zahra Nili Ahmadabadi , Mirslav Krstić

This paper proposes an event-triggered control scheme for multivariable extremum seeking of static maps. Both static and dynamic triggering conditions are developed. Integrating Lyapunov and averaging theories for discontinuous systems, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Liu Hsu , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic

In this paper, we systematically investigate the feasibility of different extremum-seeking (ES) control schemes to improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy converters (WECs). Continuous-time and model-free ES schemes based on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Luca Parrinello , Panagiotis Dafnakis , Giovanni Bracco , Peiman Naseradinmousavi , Giuliana Mattiazzo , Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla

This paper proposes a non-adaptive control solution framework to the practical output regulation problem (PORP) for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters, unknown control directions and uncertain exosystem dynamics. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Shimin Wang , Martin Guay , Denis Dochain

We propose a novel extremum seeking control (ESC) method that operates in a lifted Koopman state space to minimize the filtered RMS energy in the dominant subspace. The lifted representation provides linear embeddings of nonlinear dynamics,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Timothy I. Salsbury , Min Gyung Yu , Sayak Mukherjee

Existing extremum-seeking control (ESC) approaches typically rely on applying repeated perturbations to input parameters and performing measurements of the corresponding performance output. The required separation between the different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Wouter Weekers , Alessandro Saccon , Nathan van de Wouw

Control-affine Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) systems have been increasingly studied and applied in the last decade. In a recent effort, many control-affine ESC structures have been generalized in a unifying class and their stability was…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Sameer Pokhrel , Sameh A. Eisa

This paper addresses the design and analysis of a multivariable gradient-based stochastic extremum-seeking control method for multi-input systems with arbitrary input delays. The approach accommodates systems with distinct time delays…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Paulo Cesar Souza Silva , Paulo Cesar Pellanda , Tiago Roux Oliveira

This paper presents novel methods for achieving stable and efficient convergence in multivariable extremum seeking control (ESC) using sliding mode techniques. Drawing inspiration from both classical sliding mode control and more recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Roberto Luo , Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstic

In this paper, we deal with a network of agents that want to cooperatively minimize the sum of local cost functions depending on a common decision variable. We consider the challenging scenario in which objective functions are unknown and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Nicola Mimmo , Guido Carnevale , Andrea Testa , Giuseppe Notarstefano

Extremum seeking control (ESC) is a classical adaptive control method for steady-state optimization, purely based on output feedback. It is well known that the extremum seeking control loop, under certain mild conditions on the controller,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-26 Olle Trollberg , Elling W. Jacobsen

In this paper, we study gradient-based classical extremum seeking (ES) for uncertain n-dimensional (nD) static quadratic maps in the presence of known large constant distinct input delays and large output constant delay with a small…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-17 Xuefei Yang , Emilia Fridman

We consider bounded extremum seeking controls for time-varying linear systems with uncertain coefficient matrices and measurement uncertainty. Using a new change of variables, Lyapunov functions, and a comparison principle, we provide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-20 Frederic Mazenc , Michael Malisoff , Emilia Fridman

This paper introduces extremum seeking (ES) algorithms designed to achieve perfect tracking of arbitrary time-varying extremum. In contrast to classical ES approaches that employ constant frequencies and controller gains, our algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic

In this report, we apply an input-output transformation passivation method, described in our previous works, to an Adaptive Cruise Control system. We analyze the system's performance under a co-simulation framework that makes use of an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Arash Rahnama , Meng Xia , Shige Wang , Panos J. Antsaklis

We study the problem of global extremum seeking in the presence of local extrema. We investigate two different perturbation-based methods: 1) a well-known classical extremum seeking scheme for steady-state output optimization, and 2) a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Raik Suttner , Christian Ebenbauer , Sergey Dashkovskiy

We introduce a type of safe extremum seeking (ES) controller, which minimizes an unknown objective function while also maintaining practical positivity of an unknown barrier function. We show semi-global practical asymptotic stability of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-28 Alan Williams , Miroslav Krstic , Alexander Scheinker

This paper discusses the design of an extremum seeking controller that relies on a monitoring function for a class of SISO uncertain nonlinear systems characterized by arbitrary and uncertain relative degree. Our demonstration illustrates…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Nerito Oliveira Aminde , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Liu Hsu