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This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) on data without explicit labels for reasoning tasks in Large Language Models (LLMs). The core challenge of the problem is reward estimation during inference while not having access to…

Detecting anomaly edges for dynamic graphs aims to identify edges significantly deviating from the normal pattern and can be applied in various domains, such as cybersecurity, financial transactions and AIOps. With the evolving of time, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Shuo Liu , Di Yao , Lanting Fang , Zhetao Li , Wenbin Li , Kaiyu Feng , XiaoWen Ji , Jingping Bi

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), learning from fixed datasets presents a promising solution for domains where real-time interaction with the environment is expensive or risky. However, designing dense reward signals for offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Younghwan Lee , Tung M. Luu , Donghoon Lee , Chang D. Yoo

The inherent uncertainty in the environmental transition model of Reinforcement Learning (RL) necessitates a delicate balance between exploration and exploitation. This balance is crucial for optimizing computational resources to accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yongxin Deng , Xihe Qiu , Jue Chen , Xiaoyu Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

This paper presents a novel approach to e-commerce payment fraud detection by integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with Large Language Models (LLMs). By framing transaction risk as a multi-step Markov Decision Process (MDP), RL optimizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Bo Qu , Zhurong Wang , Daisuke Yagi , Zhen Xu , Yang Zhao , Yinan Shan , Frank Zahradnik

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based recommender systems have demonstrated promising performance in meeting user expectations by learning to make accurate next-item recommendations from historical user-item interactions. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jie Wang , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Ioannis Arapakis , Joemon M. Jose

Training in unsupervised time series anomaly detection is constantly plagued by the discrimination between harmful `anomaly contaminations' and beneficial `hard normal samples'. These two samples exhibit analogous loss behavior that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ruyi Zhang , Hongzuo Xu , Songlei Jian , Yusong Tan , Haifang Zhou , Rulin Xu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage multiple turns and tools to solve complex tasks, with prompt-based approaches achieving strong performance. This work demonstrates that Reinforcement Learning (RL) can push capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vivek Kalyan , Martin Andrews

In dynamic open-world environments, autonomous agents often encounter novelties that hinder their ability to find plans to achieve their goals. Specifically, traditional symbolic planners fail to generate plans when the robot's planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hong Lu , Pierrick Lorang , Timothy R. Duggan , Jivko Sinapov , Matthias Scheutz

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) is now a common approach for text classification in a wide range of applications. When labeled documents are scarce, active learning helps save annotation efforts but requires retraining of massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Artem Vysogorets , Achintya Gopal

Anomaly detection is to recognize samples that differ in some respect from the training observations. These samples which do not conform to the distribution of normal data are called outliers or anomalies. In real-world anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

Anomaly detection on time series data is increasingly common across various industrial domains that monitor metrics in order to prevent potential accidents and economic losses. However, a scarcity of labeled data and ambiguous definitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Lawrence Wong , Dongyu Liu , Laure Berti-Equille , Sarah Alnegheimish , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Reinforcement learning (RL) enhanced large language models (LLMs), particularly exemplified by DeepSeek-R1, have exhibited outstanding performance. Despite the effectiveness in improving LLM capabilities, its implementation remains highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shuhe Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Jie Zhang , Runyi Hu , Xiaoya Li , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li , Fei Wu , Guoyin Wang , Eduard Hovy

Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized machine learning by leveraging large pre-trained models to tackle various downstream tasks. Although label, training, and data efficiency have improved, many state-of-the-art VLMs still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yushu Li , Yongyi Su , Adam Goodge , Kui Jia , Xun Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but require careful alignment with human preferences. Traditional training-time methods finetune LLMs using human preference datasets but incur significant training costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuancheng Xu , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Alec Koppel , Sicheng Zhu , Bang An , Furong Huang , Sumitra Ganesh

We study anomaly detection and introduce an algorithm that processes variable length, irregularly sampled sequences or sequences with missing values. Our algorithm is fully unsupervised, however, can be readily extended to supervised or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-26 Oguzhan Karaahmetoglu , Fatih Ilhan , Ismail Balaban , Suleyman Serdar Kozat

Reward models (RMs) are crucial for the training and inference-time scaling up of large language models (LLMs). However, existing reward models primarily focus on human preferences, neglecting verifiable correctness signals which have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hao Peng , Yunjia Qi , Xiaozhi Wang , Zijun Yao , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Typical RL methods optimize under an overall sequence reward, which can lead to a suboptimal learning process. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yanshi Li , Shaopan Xiong , Gengru Chen , Xiaoyang Li , Yijia Luo , Xingyuan Bu , Yingshui Tan , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Discovering efficient algorithms for solving complex problems has been an outstanding challenge in mathematics and computer science, requiring substantial human expertise over the years. Recent advancements in evolutionary search with large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Anja Surina , Amin Mansouri , Lars Quaedvlieg , Amal Seddas , Maryna Viazovska , Emmanuel Abbe , Caglar Gulcehre
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