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Traditional image annotation tasks rely heavily on human effort for object selection and label assignment, making the process time-consuming and prone to decreased efficiency as annotators experience fatigue after extensive work. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 He Zhang , Xinyi Fu , John M. Carroll

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). However, this accuracy-oriented learning paradigm often suffers from entropy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hongye Cao , Zhixin Bai , Ziyue Peng , Boyan Wang , Tianpei Yang , Jing Huo , Yuyao Zhang , Yang Gao

Label distribution (LD) uses the description degree to describe instances, which provides more fine-grained supervision information when learning with label ambiguity. Nevertheless, LD is unavailable in many real-world applications. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Zhiqiang Kou , Yuheng Jia , Jing Wang , Boyu Shi , Xin Geng

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision to large language models (LLMs), but scaling up training data annotation remains challenging for both humans and LLMs. To address this limitation, we propose an active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Keyu Duan , Zichen Liu , Xin Mao , Tianyu Pang , Changyu Chen , Qiguang Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Longxu Dou

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has driven breakthroughs in AI, from game-play to scientific discovery and AI alignment. However, its broader applicability remains limited by challenges such as low data efficiency and poor generalizability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xidong Yang , Wenhao Li , Junjie Sheng , Chuyun Shen , Yun Hua , Xiangfeng Wang

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for tracing and authenticating text generated by large language models (LLMs). A common approach to LLM watermarking is to construct a green/red token list and assign higher or lower…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Time series analysis is crucial in fields like finance, transportation, and industry. However, traditional models often focus solely on temporal features, limiting their ability to capture underlying information. This paper proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Shule Hao , Junpeng Bao , Chuncheng Lu

Ensuring that reinforcement learning (RL) controllers satisfy safety and reliability constraints in real-world settings remains challenging: state-avoidance and constrained Markov decision processes often fail to capture trajectory-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Calin Belta , Ming C. Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as promising tools for automated reinforcement learning (RL) reward design, owing to their robust capabilities in commonsense reasoning and code generation. By engaging in dialogues with RL agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Zen Kit Heng , Zimeng Zhao , Tianhao Wu , Yuanfei Wang , Mingdong Wu , Yangang Wang , Hao Dong

Inspired by the insights in cognitive science with respect to human memory and reasoning mechanism, a novel evolvable LLM-based (Large Language Model) agent framework is proposed as REMEMBERER. By equipping the LLM with a long-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Danyang Zhang , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Hongshen Xu , Zihan Zhao , Kai Yu

The widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) has motivated a growing interest in their capacity for processing dynamic graphs. Temporal motifs, as an elementary unit and important local property of dynamic graphs which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bing Hao , Minglai Shao , Zengyi Wo , Yunlong Chu , Yuhang Liu , Ruijie Wang

We study multi-task reinforcement learning (RL), a setting in which an agent learns a single, universal policy capable of generalising to arbitrary, possibly unseen tasks. We consider tasks specified as linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alessandro Abate , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Mathias Jackermeier , Jan Kretínský , Maximilian Prokop , Christoph Weinhuber

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to time series forecasting poses unique challenges, as time series data is continuous in nature, while LLMs operate on discrete tokens. Despite the success of LLMs in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Taibiao Zhao , Xiaobing Chen , Mingxuan Sun

Network log data analysis plays a critical role in detecting security threats and operational anomalies. Traditional log analysis methods for anomaly detection and root cause analysis rely heavily on expert knowledge or fully supervised…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xuanhao Luo , Shivesh Madan Nath Jha , Akruti Sinha , Zhizhen Li , Yuchen Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed across numerous fields. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) leverages reward models (RMs) as proxies for human preferences to align LLM behaviors with human values, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shuyi Zhang , Wei Shi , Sihang Li , Jiayi Liao , Hengxing Cai , Xiang Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Learning reward functions for physical skills are challenging due to the vast spectrum of skills, the high-dimensionality of state and action space, and nuanced sensory feedback. The complexity of these tasks makes acquiring expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yuwei Zeng , Yiqing Xu
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