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In this article, we study a degenerate version of Ramsey's theorem for pairs and two colors ($\mathsf{RT}^2_2$), in which the homogeneous sets for color 1 are of bounded size. By $\mathsf{RT}^2_2$, it follows that every such coloring admits…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Quentin Le Houérou , Ludovic Patey

We solve two long-standing open problems regarding the combinatorics of $\aleph_{\omega+1}$. We answer a question of Shelah by showing that it is consistent for any $n\geq 1$ that $\mathsf{GCH}$ holds and there is a stationary set of points…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Hannes Jakob , Maxwell Levine

We study Ramsey's theorem for pairs and two colours in the context of the theory of $\alpha$-large sets introduced by Ketonen and Solovay. We prove that any $2$-colouring of pairs from an $\omega^{300n}$-large set admits an $\omega^n$-large…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-12 Leszek Aleksander Kołodziejczyk , Keita Yokoyama

In \cite{st2017}, the authors introduced the so-called \emph{general divide and color models}. One of the most well-known examples of such a model is the Ising model with external field $h = 0$, which has a color representation given by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-24 Malin Palö Forsström

We show that the analogues of the Hamkins embedding theorems, proved for the countable models of set theory, do not hold when extended to the uncountable realm of $\omega_1$-like models of set theory. Specifically, under the $\diamondsuit$…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-01-07 Gunter Fuchs , Victoria Gitman , Joel David Hamkins

In this paper we consider the following question in the spirit of Ramsey theory: Given $x\in A^\omega,$ where $A$ is a finite non-empty set, does there exist a finite coloring of the non-empty factors of $x$ with the property that no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-26 Aldo de Luca , Elena V. Pribavkina , Luca Q. Zamboni

We prove the following two results. Theorem A: Let alpha be a limit ordinal. Suppose that 2^{|alpha|}<aleph_alpha and 2^{|alpha|^+}<aleph_{|alpha|^+}, whereas aleph_alpha^{|alpha|}>aleph_{|alpha|^+}. Then for all n< omega and for all…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Moti Gitik , Ralf Schindler , Saharon Shelah

A Kaufmann model is an $\omega_1$-like, recursively saturated, rather classless model of $\mathrm{PA}$ or $\mathrm{ZF}$. Such models were constructed by Kaufmann under the combinatorial principle $\diamondsuit_{\omega_1}$ and Shelah showed…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Corey Bacal Switzer

We prove a common refinement of theorems of Bergfalk and of Casarosa and Lambie-Hanson, showing that under certain hypotheses, the higher derived limits of a certain inverse system of abelian groups $\mathbf{A}$ do not vanish. The refined…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Nathaniel Bannister

We construct non-isomorphic models M, N, e.g. of cardinality aleph_1 such that in the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game of length zeta < omega_1 the isomorphism player wins

Logic · Mathematics 2007-09-25 Saharon Shelah

Our "long term and large scale" aim is to characterize the first order theories T (at least the countable ones) such that: for every ordinal alpha there lambda,M_1,M_2 such that M_1,M_2 are non-isomorphic models of T of cardinality lambda…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-08-08 Saharon Shelah

We show that there is a set which is not a set of multiple recurrence despite being a set of recurrence for nil-Bohr sets. This answers Huang, Shao, and Ye's \enquote{higher-order} version of Katznelson's Question on Bohr recurrence and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Ryan Alweiss

We use high girth, high chromatic number hypergraphs to show that there are finite models of the equational theory of the semiring of nonnegative integers whose equational theory has no finite axiomatisation, and show this also holds if…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Tumadhir Alsulami , Marcel Jackson

We present an explicit family of hypergraphs with arbitrarily large uniformity and chromatic number that admit realizations in both geometric and number-theoretic settings. As an application, we give a new proof of a theorem of Chen, Pach,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Gábor Damásdi

Suppose that each number $1,2,...,N$ has one of n colours assigned. We show that if there are no monochromatic solutions to the equation $x_1+x_2+x_3=y_1+y_2$, then $N=O((n!)^{1/2})$, improving upon a result of Cwalina and Schoen. Further,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Tomasz Kosciuszko

We study density and partition properties of polynomial equations in prime variables. We consider equations of the form $a_1h(x_1) + \cdots + a_sh(x_s)=b$, where the $a_i$ and $b$ are fixed coefficients, and $h$ is an arbitrary integer…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Jonathan Chapman , Sam Chow

Let $k,a\in \mathbb{N}$ and let $p_1,\cdots,p_k\in \mathbb{Q}[n]$ with zero constant term. We show that for any finite coloring of $\mathbb{Q}$, there are non-zero $x,y\in \mathbb{Q}$ such that there exists a color which contains a set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Rongzhong Xiao

Using a variation of the rainbow construction and various pebble and colouring games, we prove that RRA, the class of all representable relation algebras, cannot be axiomatised by any first-order relation algebra theory of bounded…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-09-15 Rob Egrot , Robin Hirsch

Motivated by showing that in ZFC we cannot construct a special Aronszajn tree on some cardinal greater than $\aleph_1$, we produce a model in which the approachability property fails (hence there are no special Aronszajn trees) at all…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Spencer Unger

In two dimensions, Gallagher's theorem is a strengthening of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all pairs of real numbers. We prove an inhomogeneous fibre version of Gallagher's theorem, sharpening and making unconditional a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Sam Chow