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We attribute the vulnerability of natural language processing models to the fact that similar inputs are converted to dissimilar representations in the embedding space, leading to inconsistent outputs, and we propose a novel robust training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yichen Yang , Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

Randomized smoothing has become essential for achieving certified adversarial robustness in machine learning models. However, current methods primarily use isotropic noise distributions that are uniform across all data dimensions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hanbin Hong , Ashish Kundu , Ali Payani , Binghui Wang , Yuan Hong

We propose and investigate probabilistic guarantees for the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms. While traditional formal verification approaches for robustness are intractable and sampling-based approaches do not provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Peter Blohm , Patrick Indri , Thomas Gärtner , Sagar Malhotra

Randomized smoothing is a defensive technique to achieve enhanced robustness against adversarial examples which are small input perturbations that degrade the performance of neural network models. Conventional randomized smoothing adds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Ryo Hase , Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Jing Liu , Kieran Parsons

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which becomes one of the most important research problems in the development of deep learning. While a lot of efforts have been made in recent years, it is of great significance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Yinpeng Dong , Qi-An Fu , Xiao Yang , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Zihao Xiao , Jun Zhu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks (e.g., image classification, speech recognition, and natural language processing (NLP)). However, researchers have demonstrated that DNN-based models are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Wenqi Wang , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Zhibo Wang , Aoshuang Ye

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as rerankers in information retrieval, yet their ranking behavior can be steered by small, natural-sounding prompts. To expose this vulnerability, we present Rank Anything First (RAF), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tiancheng Xing , Jerry Li , Yixuan Du , Xiyang Hu

Malware continues to be a major cyber threat, despite the tremendous effort that has been made to combat them. The number of malware in the wild steadily increases over time, meaning that we must resort to automated defense techniques. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li , Yanfang Ye , Shouhuai Xu

Despite their performance, Artificial Neural Networks are not reliable enough for most of industrial applications. They are sensitive to noises, rotations, blurs and adversarial examples. There is a need to build defenses that protect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Alfred Laugros , Alice Caplier , Matthieu Ospici

Neural networks have revolutionized various domains, exhibiting remarkable accuracy in tasks like natural language processing and computer vision. However, their vulnerability to slight alterations in input samples poses challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Shashank Kotyan , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Robustness evaluation against adversarial examples has become increasingly important to unveil the trustworthiness of the prevailing deep models in natural language processing (NLP). However, in contrast to the computer vision domain where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Bairu Hou , Jinghan Jia , Yihua Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Yang Zhang , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Despite having high accuracy, neural nets have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial examples, where a small perturbation to an input can cause it to become mislabeled. We propose metrics for measuring the robustness of a neural net…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Osbert Bastani , Yani Ioannou , Leonidas Lampropoulos , Dimitrios Vytiniotis , Aditya Nori , Antonio Criminisi

Modern technologies are producing datasets with complex intrinsic structures, and they can be naturally represented as matrices instead of vectors. To preserve the latent data structures during processing, modern regression approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Hang Zhang , Fengyuan Zhu , Shixin Li

Randomized smoothing has recently attracted attentions in the field of adversarial robustness to provide provable robustness guarantees on smoothed neural network classifiers. However, existing works show that vanilla randomized smoothing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Linbo Liu , Trong Nghia Hoang , Lam M. Nguyen , Tsui-Wei Weng

We propose Adaptive Randomized Smoothing (ARS) to certify the predictions of our test-time adaptive models against adversarial examples. ARS extends the analysis of randomized smoothing using $f$-Differential Privacy to certify the adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Saiyue Lyu , Shadab Shaikh , Frederick Shpilevskiy , Evan Shelhamer , Mathias Lécuyer

Research on adversarial robustness in language models is currently fragmented across applications and attacks, obscuring shared vulnerabilities. In this work, we propose unifying the study of adversarial robustness in text scoring models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Manveer Singh Tamber , Hosna Oyarhoseini , Jimmy Lin

Randomized smoothing, a method to certify a classifier's decision on an input is invariant under adversarial noise, offers attractive advantages over other certification methods. It operates in a black-box and so certification is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jamie Hayes

The detection of computer-generated text is an area of rapidly increasing significance as nascent generative models allow for efficient creation of compelling human-like text, which may be abused for the purposes of spam, disinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Evan Crothers , Nathalie Japkowicz , Herna Viktor , Paula Branco

In deep learning applications, robustness measures the ability of neural models that handle slight changes in input data, which could lead to potential safety hazards, especially in safety-critical applications. Pre-deployment assessment of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim