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Black holes in General Relativity exhibit a remarkable feature: their response to static scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations -- as quantified by the so-called tidal Love numbers -- vanishes identically. We present the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-18 Sumanta Chakraborty , Pierre Heidmann , Paolo Pani

The tidal deformation of compact objects, characterised by their Love numbers, provides insights into the internal structure of neutron stars and black holes. While static bosonic tidal Love numbers vanish for black holes in general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-15 Xiankai Pang , Yu Tian , Hongbao Zhang , Qingquan Jiang

It was shown recently that the static tidal response coefficients, called Love numbers, vanish identically for Kerr black holes in four dimensions. In this work, we confirm this result and extend it to the case of spin-0 and spin-1…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-26 Panagiotis Charalambous , Sergei Dubovsky , Mikhail M. Ivanov

Tidal Love numbers quantify the conservative static response of compact objects to external tidal fields, and are found to vanish exactly for asymptotically flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity. Many aspects of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Valerio De Luca , Brandon Khek , Justin Khoury , Mark Trodden

Tidal Love numbers characterize the conservative, static response of compact objects to external tidal fields. Remarkably, these quantities vanish identically for asymptotically flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-29 Valerio De Luca , Brandon Khek , Justin Khoury , Mark Trodden

We derive the quadratic action for the physical degrees of freedom of massless spin-0, spin-1, and spin-2 perturbations on a Schwarzschild--(A)dS background in arbitrary dimensions. We then use these results to compute the static response…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-13 Lam Hui , Austin Joyce , Riccardo Penco , Luca Santoni , Adam R. Solomon

We extract the black hole (BH) static tidal deformability coefficients (Love numbers) and their spin-0 and spin-1 analogs by comparing on-shell amplitudes for fields to scatter off a spinning BH in the worldline effective field theory (EFT)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-15 Mikhail M. Ivanov , Zihan Zhou

While static Love number vanish identically for Kerr black holes, we show that the corresponding dynamical tidal coefficients are generically non-zero and exhibit logarithmic behavior. The computational method employs a related but simpler…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-06 Malcolm Perry , Maria J. Rodriguez

The response of black holes to companions is of fundamental importance in the context of their dynamics and of gravitational-wave emission. Here, we explore the effect of charge on the static response of black holes. With a view to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-01 David Pereñiguez , Vitor Cardoso

The induced conservative tidal response of self-gravitating objects in general relativity is parametrized in terms of a set of coefficients, which are commonly referred to as Love numbers. For asymptotically-flat black holes in four…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-04 Simon Iteanu , Massimiliano Maria Riva , Luca Santoni , Nikola Savić , Filippo Vernizzi

We study the electrically-charged massless scalar response to the general Kerr-Newman black hole and obtain the exact (complex) response coefficients, whose real parts are the Love numbers. We find there is a curious discontinuity between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-29 Liang Ma , Ze-Hua Wu , Yi Pang , H. Lu

Black holes, like any other object - respond to external fields like background electric and gravitational fields. At lowest order, the response of a black hole to, (e.g.) a gravitational wave in the $l^{th}$ spherical harmonic mode is to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-12 Subhajit Mazumdar

The response of a gravitating object to an external tidal field is encoded in its Love numbers, which identically vanish for classical blackholes (BHs). Here we show, using standard time-independent quantum perturbation theory, that for a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-20 Ram Brustein , Yotam Sherf

Black holes are believed to possess vanishing Love numbers, which implies that they do not deform in the presence of external tides. This fact has been verified in a number of scenarios, that involve tides of bosonic fields of various…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-24 David Pereñiguez , Edgars Karnickis

Black hole solutions of general relativity exhibit a symmetry for the static perturbations around these spacetimes, known as "ladder symmetry". This symmetry proves useful in constructing a tower of solutions for perturbations and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-14 Chanchal Sharma , Rajes Ghosh , Sudipta Sarkar

We show that the static tidal Love number of Schwarzschild black holes in four dimensions and in the vacuum vanishes at any order in the external tidal force. We also identify the underlying non-linear symmetry which is responsible for this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-16 Alex Kehagias , Antonio Riotto

In General Relativity, the static tidal Love numbers of black holes vanish identically. Whether this remains true for time-dependent tidal fields -- i.e., in the case of dynamical tidal Love numbers -- is an open question, complicated by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-03 Sumanta Chakraborty , Valerio De Luca , Leonardo Gualtieri , Paolo Pani

We investigate the tidal response of general five-dimensional (5D) black holes of STU supergravity, which include as special cases important solutions such as the Myers-Perry, BMPV, 5D Reissner-Nordstr\"om, Kerr-Newman and dyonic black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-29 M. Cvetič , M. A. Liao , M. M Stetsko

Love numbers of compact objects quantify their tidal deformability against external perturbations. It is expected that Love numbers of asymptotically flat black holes (BHs) in General Relativity are identically zero. We show that quite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-09 Sreejith Nair , Sumanta Chakraborty , Sudipta Sarkar

We study the underlying structure of the vanishing of the Love numbers of both Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in terms of spacetime conformal symmetry in a unified manner for the static spin-$s$ fields. The perturbations can be reduced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-28 Takuya Katagiri , Masashi Kimura , Hiroyuki Nakano , Kazuyuki Omukai
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