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We study the state estimation problem for linear control systems with quadratic outputs which are locally unobservable at the equilibrium. We show that, despite this inherent lack of observability, an adversary with sensor read and write…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Zeyad M. Manaa , Nathan van de Wouw , Michelle S. Chong

We study the performance of perception-based control systems in the presence of attacks, and provide methods for modeling and analysis of their resiliency to stealthy attacks on both physical and perception-based sensing. Specifically, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Amir Khazraei , Henry Pfister , Miroslav Pajic

The `security index' of a discrete-time LTI system under sensor attacks is introduced as a quantitative measure on the security of an observable system. We derive ideas from error control coding theory to provide sufficient conditions for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-08-26 Michelle S. Chong , Margreta Kuijper

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising privacy-preserving collaborative model training paradigm without sharing raw data. However, recent studies have revealed that private information can still be leaked through shared gradient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pengxin Guo , Runxi Wang , Shuang Zeng , Jinjing Zhu , Haoning Jiang , Yanran Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Feifei Wang , Hui Xiong , Liangqiong Qu

Data injection attacks (DIAs) pose a significant cybersecurity threat to the Smart Grid by enabling an attacker to compromise the integrity of data acquisition and manipulate estimated states without triggering bad data detection…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Ke Sun , Iñaki Esnaola , H. Vincent Poor

Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have manifested significant advancements. To facilitate safeguards against malicious exploitation, a body of research has concentrated on aligning LLMs with human preferences and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yuanpu Cao , Bochuan Cao , Jinghui Chen

The advent of smart power grid which plays a vital role in the upcoming smart city era is accompanied with the implementation of a monitoring tool, called state estimation. For the case of the unbalanced residential distribution grid, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nam N. Tran , Hemanshu R. Pota , Quang N. Tran , Jiankun Hu

As one of the largest and most complex systems on earth, power grid (PG) operation and control have stepped forward as a compound analysis on both physical and cyber layers which makes it vulnerable to assaults from economic and security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Wangkun Xu , Fei Teng

This paper studies physical consequences of unobservable false data injection (FDI) attacks designed only with information inside a sub-network of the power system. The goal of this attack is to overload a chosen target line without being…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Jiazi Zhang , Zhigang Chu , Lalitha Sankar , Oliver Kosut

As an important cyber-physical system (CPS), smart grid is highly vulnerable to cyber attacks. Amongst various types of attacks, false data injection attack (FDIA) proves to be one of the top-priority cyber-related issues and has received…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yang Li , Xinhao Wei , Yuanzheng Li , Zhaoyang Dong , Mohammad Shahidehpour

State estimation is a data processing algorithm for converting redundant meter measurements and other information into an estimate of the state of a power system. Relying heavily on meter measurements, state estimation has proven to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-27 Mingqiu Du , Georgia Pierrou , Xiaozhe Wang , Marthe Kassouf

This paper assesses the resilience of IEC 61850 digital substations under False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) targeting the Sampled Values (SV) protocol. The multicast nature of SV, while enabling time-critical automation, exposes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Denys Mishchenko , Irina Oleinikova , Laszlo Erdodi

In this paper, we analyze the fundamental stealthiness-distortion tradeoffs of linear Gaussian dynamical systems under data injection attacks using a power spectral analysis, whereas the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is employed as the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-12 Song Fang , Quanyan Zhu

One of the key advantages of Federated Learning (FL) is its ability to collaboratively train a Machine Learning (ML) model while keeping clients' data on-site. However, this can create a false sense of security. Despite not sharing private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Vincenzo Carletti , Pasquale Foggia , Carlo Mazzocca , Giuseppe Parrella , Mario Vento

Intelligently designed false data injection (FDI) attacks have been shown to be able to bypass the $\chi^2$-test based bad data detector (BDD), resulting in physical consequences (such as line overloads) in the power system. In this paper,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Zhigang Chu , Andrea Pinceti , Reetam Sen Biswas , Oliver Kosut , Anamitra Pal , Lalitha Sankar

We investigate a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) tracking problem with safety and reachability constraints in the presence of an adversary who mounts an FDI attack on an unknown set of sensors. For each possible set of compromised sensors,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Zhouchi Li , Luyao Niu , Andrew Clark

In this article, we address the problem of risk assessment of stealthy attacks on uncertain control systems. Considering data injection attacks that aim at maximizing impact while remaining undetected, we use the recently proposed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Sribalaji C. Anand , André M. H. Teixeira , Anders Ahlén

We study how to secure distributed filters for linear time-invariant systems with bounded noise under false-data injection attacks. A malicious attacker is able to arbitrarily manipulate the observations for a time-varying and unknown…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-23 Xingkang He , Xiaoqiang Ren , Henrik Sandberg , Karl H. Johansson

Funnel control achieves output tracking with guaranteed tracking performance for unknown systems and arbitrary reference signals. In particular, the tracking error is guaranteed to satisfy time-varying error bounds for all times (it evolves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Thomas Berger , Christoph M. Hackl , Stephan Trenn

We address the problem of state estimation, attack isolation, and control of discrete-time linear time-invariant systems under (potentially unbounded) actuator and sensor false data injection attacks. Using a bank of unknown input…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Tianci Yang , Carlos Murguia , Margreta Kuijper , Dragan Nesic