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With the rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), GUI-based mobile agents have emerged as a key development direction for intelligent mobile systems. However, existing agent models continue to face significant challenges in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Cheng Zhang , Erhu Feng , Xi Zhao , Yisheng Zhao , Wangbo Gong , Jiahui Sun , Dong Du , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models are accelerating the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents that utilize human-like vision perception capabilities to enhance productivity on digital devices. Compared to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xinyi Liu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Ziyun Zhang , Yan Lu

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are the primary medium for human-computer interaction, yet automating GUI interactions remains challenging due to the complexity of visual elements, dynamic environments, and the need for multi-step…

We introduce Gaia2, a benchmark for evaluating large language model agents in realistic, asynchronous environments. Unlike prior static or synchronous evaluations, Gaia2 introduces scenarios where environments evolve independently of agent…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and interactive technology, Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agent, as the carrier connecting goal-oriented natural language and real-world devices, has received widespread attention from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Leyang Yang , Ziwei Wang , Xiaoxuan Tang , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show amazing abilities in assisting human-computer interaction, automating human user's navigation on digital devices. An ideal GUI agent is expected to achieve high accuracy, low latency, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Zhiyuan Huang , Ziming Cheng , Junting Pan , Zhaohui Hou , Mingjie Zhan

Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models have shown great promise. However, a critical yet underexplored issue persists: over-execution, where the agent executes tasks in a fully…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Pengzhou Cheng , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Aston Zhang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) can act through both atomic GUI actions, such as click and type, and high-level tool calls, such as API-based file operations, but this hybrid action space often leaves them uncertain about when to continue with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuhao Hu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Kyle Qiao , Jingyi Yang , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye

Remarkable advancements in modern generative foundation models have enabled the development of sophisticated and highly capable autonomous agents that can observe their environment, invoke tools, and communicate with other agents to solve…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Gagan Bansal , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , Saleema Amershi , Eric Horvitz , Adam Fourney , Hussein Mozannar , Victor Dibia , Daniel S. Weld

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding models are crucial for enabling intelligent agents to understand and interact with complex visual interfaces. However, these models face significant robustness challenges in real-world scenarios due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Haoren Zhao , Tianyi Chen , Zhen Wang

In this paper, we introduce UI-Genie, a self-improving framework addressing two key challenges in GUI agents: verification of trajectory outcome is challenging and high-quality training data are not scalable. These challenges are addressed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Yuxiang Chai , Zimu Lu , Weifeng Lin , Hao He , Lue Fan , Liuyang Bian , Rui Hu , Liang Liu , Shuai Ren , Yafei Wen , Xiaoxin Chen , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

GUI grounding, which maps natural-language instructions to actionable UI elements, is a core capability of GUI agents. Prior works largely treats instructions as a static proxy for user intent, overlooking the impact of instruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Liangyu Chen , Hanzhang Zhou , Chenglin Cai , Jianan Zhang , Panrong Tong , Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Chen Liu , Yuqi Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Yue Wang , Qin Jin , Steven Hoi

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

GUI agents are beginning to operate the web, mobile, and desktop as interactive worlds, where successful control depends on carrying forward visual, procedural, and task-level evidence beyond the fleeting present screen. Yet most agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guibin Zhang , Yaohui Ling , Fanci Meng , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

MLLM-based GUI agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex user interface interaction tasks. However, long-horizon scenarios remain challenging, as these agents are burdened with tasks beyond their intrinsic capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengxi Lu , Fei Tang , Guangyi Liu , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jin Ma , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Mobile GUI agents are becoming critical tools to improve user experience on smart devices, with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) emerging as the dominant paradigms in this domain. Current agents, however, rely on explicit human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qinglong Yang , Haoming Li , Haotian Zhao , Xiaokai Yan , Jingtao Ding , Fengli Xu , Yong Li
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