English

Gaia2: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Dynamic and Asynchronous Environments

Artificial Intelligence 2026-02-13 v1

Abstract

We introduce Gaia2, a benchmark for evaluating large language model agents in realistic, asynchronous environments. Unlike prior static or synchronous evaluations, Gaia2 introduces scenarios where environments evolve independently of agent actions, requiring agents to operate under temporal constraints, adapt to noisy and dynamic events, resolve ambiguity, and collaborate with other agents. Each scenario is paired with a write-action verifier, enabling fine-grained, action-level evaluation and making Gaia2 directly usable for reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards. Our evaluation of state-of-the-art proprietary and open-source models shows that no model dominates across capabilities: GPT-5 (high) reaches the strongest overall score of 42% pass@1 but fails on time-sensitive tasks, Claude-4 Sonnet trades accuracy and speed for cost, Kimi-K2 leads among open-source models with 21% pass@1. These results highlight fundamental trade-offs between reasoning, efficiency, robustness, and expose challenges in closing the "sim2real" gap. Gaia2 is built on a consumer environment with the open-source Agents Research Environments platform and designed to be easy to extend. By releasing Gaia2 alongside the foundational ARE framework, we aim to provide the community with a flexible infrastructure for developing, benchmarking, and training the next generation of practical agent systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.11964,
  title  = {Gaia2: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Dynamic and Asynchronous Environments},
  author = {Romain Froger and Pierre Andrews and Matteo Bettini and Amar Budhiraja and Ricardo Silveira Cabral and Virginie Do and Emilien Garreau and Jean-Baptiste Gaya and Hugo Laurençon and Maxime Lecanu and Kunal Malkan and Dheeraj Mekala and Pierre Ménard and Gerard Moreno-Torres Bertran and Ulyana Piterbarg and Mikhail Plekhanov and Mathieu Rita and Andrey Rusakov and Vladislav Vorotilov and Mengjue Wang and Ian Yu and Amine Benhalloum and Grégoire Mialon and Thomas Scialom},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.11964},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted as Oral at ICLR 2026

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:33:41.364Z