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Previous research on word embeddings has shown that sparse representations, which can be either learned on top of existing dense embeddings or obtained through model constraints during training time, have the benefit of increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Valentin Trifonov , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Anna Potapenko , Thomas Hofmann

The rapid evolution of deepfake technologies demands robust and reliable face forgery detection algorithms. While determining whether an image has been manipulated remains essential, the ability to precisely localize forgery clues is also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Siran Peng , Haoyuan Zhang , Li Gao , Tianshuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhu , Bao Li , Weisong Zhao , Zhen Lei

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance on tasks requiring complex linguistic abilities, such as reference disambiguation and metaphor recognition/generation. Although LLMs possess impressive capabilities, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yi Jing , Zijun Yao , Hongzhu Guo , Lingxu Ran , Xiaozhi Wang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

In recent years, face biometric security systems are rapidly increasing, therefore, the presentation attack detection (PAD) has received significant attention from research communities and has become a major field of research. Researchers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Seyedkooshan Hashemifard , Mohammad Akbari

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become a standard tool for mechanistic interpretability in autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling researchers to extract sparse, human-interpretable features and intervene on model behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xu Wang , Bingqing Jiang , Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Lingpeng Kong , Difan Zou

Prototypical part learning is emerging as a promising approach for making semantic segmentation interpretable. The model selects real patches seen during training as prototypes and constructs the dense prediction map based on the similarity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hugo Porta , Emanuele Dalsasso , Diego Marcos , Devis Tuia

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode factual knowledge within hidden parametric spaces that are difficult to inspect or control. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) can decompose hidden activations into more fine-grained, interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Minglai Yang , Xinyu Guo , Zhengliang Shi , Jinhe Bi , Steven Bethard , Mihai Surdeanu , Liangming Pan

Recent multimodal deepfake detection methods designed for generalization conjecture that single-stage supervised training struggles to generalize across unseen manipulations and datasets. However, such approaches that target generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ashutosh Anshul , Shreyas Gopal , Deepu Rajan , Eng Siong Chng

In this paper we present TruFor, a forensic framework that can be applied to a large variety of image manipulation methods, from classic cheapfakes to more recent manipulations based on deep learning. We rely on the extraction of both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Fabrizio Guillaro , Davide Cozzolino , Avneesh Sud , Nicholas Dufour , Luisa Verdoliva

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions is crucial for their practical applications, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper presents a novel framework that leverages sparse autoencoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zirui He , Haiyan Zhao , Yiran Qiao , Fan Yang , Ali Payani , Jing Ma , Mengnan Du

We demonstrate a new deep learning autoencoder network, trained by a nonnegativity constraint algorithm (NCAE), that learns features which show part-based representation of data. The learning algorithm is based on constraining negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Ehsan Hosseini-Asl , Jacek M. Zurada , Olfa Nasraoui

Facial forgery by deepfakes has caused major security risks and raised severe societal concerns. As a countermeasure, a number of deepfake detection methods have been proposed. Most of them model deepfake detection as a binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Aakash Varma Nadimpalli , Ajita Rattani

This demonstration paper presents $\mathbf{LayLens}$, a tool aimed to make deepfake understanding easier for users of all educational backgrounds. While prior works often rely on outputs containing technical jargon, LayLens bridges the gap…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Abhijeet Narang , Parul Gupta , Liuyijia Su , Abhinav Dhall

Existing deepfake detection methods have reported promising in-distribution results, by accessing published large-scale dataset. However, due to the non-smooth synthesis method, the fake samples in this dataset may expose obvious artifacts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Xinwei Sun , Botong Wu , Wei Chen

The rapid progress in synthetic image generation and manipulation has now come to a point where it raises significant concerns for the implications towards society. At best, this leads to a loss of trust in digital content, but could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Andreas Rössler , Davide Cozzolino , Luisa Verdoliva , Christian Riess , Justus Thies , Matthias Nießner

Understanding how information is represented in neural networks is a fundamental challenge in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Despite their nonlinear architectures, recent evidence suggests that neural networks encode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 David Klindt , Charles O'Neill , Patrik Reizinger , Harald Maurer , Nina Miolane

Interpretability benefits the theoretical understanding of representations. Existing word embeddings are generally dense representations. Hence, the meaning of latent dimensions is difficult to interpret. This makes word embeddings like a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Minxue Xia , Hao Zhu

In this paper, we introduce an unsupervised learning approach to automatically discover, summarize, and manipulate artistic styles from large collections of paintings. Our method is based on archetypal analysis, which is an unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-03 Daan Wynen , Cordelia Schmid , Julien Mairal

As of late an AI based free programming device has made it simple to make authentic face swaps in recordings that leaves barely any hints of control, in what are known as "deepfake" recordings. Situations where these genuine istic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Rahul U , Ragul M , Raja Vignesh K , Tejeswinee K

Camouflaged object detection is a challenging task that aims to identify objects having similar texture to the surroundings. This paper presents to amplify the subtle texture difference between camouflaged objects and the background for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Jingjing Ren , Xiaowei Hu , Lei Zhu , Xuemiao Xu , Yangyang Xu , Weiming Wang , Zijun Deng , Pheng-Ann Heng