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Sparse autoencoders have become a standard tool for uncovering interpretable latent representations in neural networks. Yet salient concepts often span manifolds that current linear methods cannot capture without post hoc analysis. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Thomas Dooms , Ward Gauderis , Geraint Wiggins , Jose Oramas

The combination of highly realistic voice cloning, along with visually compelling avatar, face-swap, or lip-sync deepfake video generation, makes it relatively easy to create a video of anyone saying anything. Today, such deepfake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Justin D. Norman , Hany Farid

In recent years, deep learning methods have outperformed other methods in image recognition. This has fostered imagination of potential application of deep learning technology including safety relevant applications like the interpretation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Matthias Rottmann , Kira Maag , Robin Chan , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Hanno Gottschalk

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) extract millions of interpretable features from a language model, but flat feature inventories aren't very useful on their own. Domain concepts get mixed with generic and weakly grounded features, while related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 John Winnicki , Abeynaya Gnanasekaran , Eric Darve

Image manipulation is rapidly evolving, allowing the creation of credible content that can be used to bend reality. Although the results of deepfake detectors are promising, deepfakes can be made even more complicated to detect through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Davide Alessandro Coccomini , Roberto Caldelli , Fabrizio Falchi , Claudio Gennaro , Giuseppe Amato

Deepfake detection research has largely converged on deep learning approaches that, despite strong benchmark performance, offer limited insight into what distinguishes real from manipulated facial behavior. This study presents an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Timothy Joseph Murphy , Jennifer Cook , Hélio Clemente José Cuve

Mechanistic interpretability of large language models (LLMs) aims to uncover the internal processes of information propagation and reasoning. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have demonstrated promise in this domain by extracting interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wei Shi , Sihang Li , Tao Liang , Mingyang Wan , Guojun Ma , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

The classification of forged videos has been a challenge for the past few years. Deepfake classifiers can now reliably predict whether or not video frames have been tampered with. However, their performance is tied to both the dataset used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Matthieu Delmas , Renaud Seguier

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have shown promise in improving the interpretability of neural network activations, but can learn features that are not features of the input, limiting their effectiveness. We propose \textsc{Mutual Feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Luke Marks , Alasdair Paren , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

In this paper we propose a novel human-centered approach for detecting forgery in face images, using dynamic prototypes as a form of visual explanations. Currently, most state-of-the-art deepfake detections are based on black-box models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Loc Trinh , Michael Tsang , Sirisha Rambhatla , Yan Liu

Part-level features are crucial for image understanding, but few studies focus on them because of the lack of fine-grained labels. Although unsupervised part discovery can eliminate the reliance on labels, most of them cannot maintain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jiahao Xia , Yike Wu , Wenjian Huang , Jianguo Zhang , Jian Zhang

We address multimodal deepfake detection requiring both robustness and interpretability by proposing FakeHunter, a unified framework that combines memory guided retrieval, a structured Observation-Thought-Action reasoning loop, and adaptive…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chen Chen , Runze Li , Zejun Zhang , Pukun Zhao , Fanqing Zhou , Longxiang Wang , Haojian Huang

This paper presents an innovative approach to dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in high-dimensional datasets, with a specific application focus on wood surface defect detection. The proposed framework integrates sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Harish Neelam , Koushik Sai Veerella , Souradip Biswas

Sparse auto-encoders (SAEs) have re-emerged as a prominent method for mechanistic interpretability, yet they face two significant challenges: the non-smoothness of the $L_1$ penalty, which hinders reconstruction and scalability, and a lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ouns El Harzli , Hugo Wallner , Yoonsoo Nam , Haixuan Xavier Tao

The rise of deepfake technology brings forth new questions about the authenticity of various forms of media found online today. Videos and images generated by artificial intelligence (AI) have become increasingly more difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Benjamin Carter , Nathan Dilla , Micheal Callahan , Atuhaire Ambala

Deep convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable results on multiple detection tasks. Despite the significant progress, the performance of such detectors are often assessed in public benchmarks under non-realistic conditions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Yuhang Lu , Ruizhi Luo , Touradj Ebrahimi

This paper shows that Masking the Deep hierarchical features is an efficient self-supervised method, denoted as MaskDeep. MaskDeep treats each patch in the representation space as an independent instance. We mask part of patches in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Fenggang Liu , Yangguang Li , Feng Liang , Jilan Xu , Bin Huang , Jing Shao

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are designed to extract interpretable features from language models by enforcing a sparsity constraint. Ideally, training an SAE would yield latents that are both sparse and semantically meaningful. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiaoqing Sun , Alessandro Stolfo , Joshua Engels , Ben Wu , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Mrinmaya Sachan , Max Tegmark

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for decision making in a myriad of critical applications, ranging from medical to societal and even judicial. Given the importance of these decisions, it is crucial for us to be able to interpret…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Teddy Koker , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Tom Titcombe , Georgios Kaissis

Recent advancements in text-to-speech and speech conversion technologies have enabled the creation of highly convincing synthetic speech. While these innovations offer numerous practical benefits, they also cause significant security…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Kuiyuan Zhang , Zhongyun Hua , Rushi Lan , Yushu Zhang , Yifang Guo