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Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 F. Lecocq , F. Quinlan , K. Cicak , J. Aumentado , S. A. Diddams , J. D. Teufel

The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run into significant I/O restrictions due to the need for large-scale error correction in a cryogenic environment. Classical data centers rely on fiber-optic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Georg Arnold , Thomas Werner , Rishabh Sahu , Lucky N. Kapoor , Liu Qiu , Johannes M. Fink

Quantum communications technologies require a network of quantum processors connected with low loss and low noise communication channels capable of distributing entangled states. Superconducting microwave qubits operating in cryogenic…

Superconducting quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize computational capabilities. However, scaling up large quantum processors is limited by the cumbersome and heat-conductive electronic cables that connect room-temperature…

Current superconducting quantum computing platforms face significant scaling challenges, as individual signal lines are required for control of each qubit. This wiring overhead is a result of the low level of integration between control…

A quantum interface between microwave and optical photons is essential for entangling remote superconducting quantum processors. To preserve fragile quantum states, a transducer must operate efficiently while generating less than one photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Han Zhao , William David Chen , Abhishek Kejriwal , Mohammad Mirhosseini

Superconducting quantum processors have made significant progress in size and computing potential. However, the practical cryogenic limitations of operating large numbers of superconducting qubits are becoming a bottleneck for further…

Superconducting quantum processors are a leading platform for implementing practical quantum computation algorithms. Although superconducting quantum processors with hundreds of qubits have been demonstrated, their further scaling up is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Yiyu Zhou , Yufeng Wu , Chunzhen Li , Mohan Shen , Likai Yang , Jiacheng Xie , Hong X. Tang

Superconducting microwave circuits form a versatile platform for storing and manipulating quantum information. A major challenge to further scalability is to find approaches for connecting these systems over long distances and at high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Marek Pechal , Amir H. Safavi-Naeini

We propose a scheme to realize quantum networking of superconducting qubits based on the opto-mechanical interface. The superconducting qubits interact with the microwave photons, which then couple to the optical photons through the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-27 Zhang-qi Yin , W. L. Yang , L. Sun , L. M. Duan

A complete physical approach to quantum information requires a robust interface among flying qubits, long-lifetime memory and computational qubits. Here we present a unified interface for microwave and optical photons, potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-01 M. Hafezi , Z. Kim , S. L. Rolston , L. A. Orozco , B. L. Lev. , J. M. Taylor

In state-of-the-art superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is controlled by at least one control line that delivers control pulses generated at room temperature to qubits operating at millikelvin temperatures. While this strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Peng Zhao

Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems, and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack…

A microwave-optical transducer of sufficiently low noise and high signal transfer rate would allow entanglement to be distributed between superconducting quantum processors reliably within the lifetimes of their quantum memories. To clarify…

Large-scale superconducting quantum computing systems entail high-fidelity control and readout of large numbers of qubits at millikelvin temperatures, resulting in a massive input-output bottleneck. Cryo-electronics, based on complementary…

Coherent microwave-to-optical conversion is crucial for transferring quantum information generated in the microwave domain to optical frequencies, where propagation losses can be minimised. Among the various physical platforms that have…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Benjamin D. Smith , Bahar Babaei , Andal Narayanan , Lindsay J. LeBlanc

Long distance transmission of quantum information is a central ingredient of distributed quantum information processors for both computing and secure communication. Transmission between superconducting/solid-state quantum processors…

For superconducting quantum processors, microwave signals are delivered to each qubit from room-temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment through coaxial cables. Limited by the heat load of cabling and the massive cost of…

Superconducting quantum processors operate at microwave frequencies in millikelvin environments, making it challenging to interconnect distant nodes using conventional microwave wiring. Coherent microwave-to-optical (M2O) transduction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Yufeng Wu , Yiyu Zhou , Haoqi Zhao , Danqing Wang , Matthew D. LaHaye , Daniel L. Campbell , Hong X. Tang

This paper presents a comprehensive cryogenic analog signal processing architecture designed for superconducting qubit control and quantum state readout operating at 4 Kelvin. The proposed system implements a complete bidirectional signal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Deepak R , Lokendra Kanawat , Jayadeep K , Priyesh Shukla
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