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Recent studies have examined the computational complexity of computing Shapley additive explanations (also known as SHAP) across various models and distributions, revealing their tractability or intractability in different settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Reda Marzouk , Shahaf Bassan , Guy Katz , Colin de la Higuera

A number of techniques have been proposed to explain a machine learning model's prediction by attributing it to the corresponding input features. Popular among these are techniques that apply the Shapley value method from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Luke Merrick , Ankur Taly

Among the existing Transformer-based multivariate time series forecasting methods, iTransformer, which treats each variable sequence as a token and only explicitly extracts cross-variable dependencies, and PatchTST, which adopts a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang , Chunhua Yang , Huaiwen Zou , Haochuan Zhang

Real-world time series data are inherently multivariate, often exhibiting complex inter-channel dependencies. Each channel is typically sampled at its own period and is prone to missing values due to various practical and operational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jinkwan Jang , Hyungjin Park , Jinmyeong Choi , Taesup Kim

Accurate prediction of solar energetic particle events is vital for safeguarding satellites, astronauts, and space-based infrastructure. Modern space weather monitoring generates massive volumes of high-frequency, multivariate time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Pranjal Patil , Anli Ji , Berkay Aydin

In recent years, the Shapley value and SHAP explanations have emerged as one of the most dominant paradigms for providing post-hoc explanations of black-box models. Despite their well-founded theoretical properties, many recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 James Enouen , Yan Liu

To reduce the heavy computational burden of reactive power optimization of distribution networks, machine learning models are receiving increasing attention. However, most machine learning models (e.g., neural networks) are usually…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-08 Wenlong Liao , Benjamin Schäfer , Dalin Qin , Gonghao Zhang , Zhixian Wang , Zhe Yang

Shapley-related techniques have gained attention as both global and local interpretation tools because of their desirable properties. However, their computation using conditional expectations is computationally expensive. Approximation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-13 Zhipu Zhou , Jie Chen , Linwei Hu

In the context of increasing demands for long-term multi-energy load forecasting in real-world applications, this paper introduces Patchformer, a novel model that integrates patch embedding with encoder-decoder Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Qiuyi Hong , Fanlin Meng , Felipe Maldonado

Transformer architecture has widespread applications, particularly in Natural Language Processing and computer vision. Recently Transformers have been employed in various aspects of time-series analysis. This tutorial provides an overview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sabeen Ahmed , Ian E. Nielsen , Aakash Tripathi , Shamoon Siddiqui , Ghulam Rasool , Ravi P. Ramachandran

Time series forecasting is a fundamental tool with wide ranging applications, yet recent debates question whether complex nonlinear architectures truly outperform simple linear models. Prior claims of dominance of the linear model often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Md Rakibul Haque , Vishwa Goudar , Shireen Elhabian , Warren Woodrich Pettine

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

While preference modelling is becoming one of the pillars of machine learning, the problem of preference explanation remains challenging and underexplored. In this paper, we propose \textsc{Pref-SHAP}, a Shapley value-based model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-09 Robert Hu , Siu Lun Chau , Jaime Ferrando Huertas , Dino Sejdinovic

The presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in our society is increasing, which brings with it the need to understand the behavior of AI mechanisms, including machine learning predictive algorithms fed with tabular data, text or images,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-06 Pedro Delicado , Cristian Pachón-García

Explainability of a classification model is crucial when deployed in real-world decision support systems. Explanations make predictions actionable to the user and should inform about the capabilities and limitations of the system. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Erwin Walraven , Ajaya Adhikari , Cor J. Veenman

Transformer is a powerful model for text understanding. However, it is inefficient due to its quadratic complexity to input sequence length. Although there are many methods on Transformer acceleration, they are still either inefficient on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Accurate short-term electricity load forecasting is a cornerstone of U.S. grid reliability; however, prevailing deep learning models remain opaque, limiting operator trust during extreme weather. A unified, interpretable, physics-informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Md Abubakkar , Sajib Debnath , Md. Uzzal Mia

Temporal graph classification plays a critical role in applications such as cybersecurity, brain connectivity analysis, social dynamics, and traffic monitoring. Despite its significance, this problem remains underexplored compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Md. Joshem Uddin , Soham Changani , Baris Coskunuzer

Detecting and analyzing complex patterns in multivariate time-series data is crucial for decision-making in urban and environmental system operations. However, challenges arise from the high dimensionality, intricate complexity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Haowen Xu , Ali Boyaci , Jianming Lian , Aaron Wilson

In Machine Learning, the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score is a version of the Shapley value that is used to explain the result of a learned model on a specific entity by assigning a score to every feature. While in general computing Shapley values is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barceló , Leopoldo Bertossi , Mikaël Monet