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In order to utilize network resources and provide a more reliable delivery of information, multipath routing algorithms are used with a higher priority than single path routing. But providing the quality of service (QoS) requirements while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Zahra Vali , Massoud Reza Hashemi , Neda Moghim

We present Crossword, a flexible consensus protocol for dynamic data-heavy workloads, a rising challenge in the cloud where replication payload sizes span a wide spectrum and introduce sporadic bandwidth stress. Crossword applies…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Guanzhou Hu , Yiwei Chen , Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau , Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of two dominant blockchain consensus mechanisms, Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), evaluated across seven critical metrics: energy use, security, transaction speed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Kaeli Andrews , Linh B. Ngo , Md Amiruzzaman

Existing permissioned blockchain systems designate a fixed and explicit group of committee nodes to run a consensus protocol that confirms the same sequence of blocks among all nodes. Unfortunately, when such a permissioned blockchain runs…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Xusheng Chen , Shixiong Zhao , Ji Qi , Jianyu Jiang , Haoze Song , Cheng Wang , Tsz On Li , T. -H. Hubert Chan , Fengwei Zhang , Xiapu Luo , Sen Wang , Gong Zhang , Heming Cui

Agreement among a set of processes and in the presence of partial failures is one of the fundamental problems of distributed systems. In the most general case, many decisions must be agreed upon over the lifetime of a system with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Seif Haridi , Lars Kroll , Paris Carbone

Paxos and Fast Paxos are optimal consensus algorithms that are simple and elegant, while suitable for efficient implementation. In this paper, we compare the performance of both algorithms in failure-free and failure-prone runs using…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Gustavo M. D. Vieira , Luiz E. Buzato

Production data centers operate under various workload sizes ranging from latency-sensitive mice flows to long-lived elephant flows. However, the predominant load balancing scheme in data center networks, equal-cost multi-path (ECMP), is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Sultan Alanazi , Bechir Hamdaoui

The performance of distributed storage systems deployed on wide-area networks can be improved using weighted (majority) quorum systems instead of their regular variants due to the heterogeneous performance of the nodes. A significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Hasan Heydari , Guthemberg Silvestre , Alysson Bessani

This experience report presents the results of an extensive performance evaluation conducted using four open-source implementations of Paxos deployed in Amazon's EC2. Paxos is a fundamental algorithm for building fault-tolerant services, at…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Parisa Jalili Marandi , Samuel Benz , Fernando Pedone , Ken Birman

Distributed protocols such as 2PC and Paxos lie at the core of many systems in the cloud, but standard implementations do not scale. New scalable distributed protocols are developed through careful analysis and rewrites, but this process is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-08 David Chu , Rithvik Panchapakesan , Shadaj Laddad , Lucky Katahanas , Chris Liu , Kaushik Shivakumar , Natacha Crooks , Joseph M. Hellerstein , Heidi Howard

Leader-based consensus algorithms are vulnerable to liveness and performance downgrade attacks. We explore the possibility of replacing leader election in Multi-Paxos with random exponential backoff (REB), a simpler approach that requires…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Pasindu Tennage , Cristina Basescu , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias , Ewa Syta , Philipp Jovanovic , Bryan Ford

We describe a method to achieve distributed consensus in a Content Centric Network using the PAXOS algorithm. Consensus is necessary, for example, if multiple writers wish to agree on the current version number of a CCNx name or if multiple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Marc Mosko

Distributed consensus, the ability to reach agreement in the face of failures and asynchrony, is a fundamental primitive for constructing reliable distributed systems from unreliable components. The Paxos algorithm is synonymous with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Heidi Howard , Richard Mortier

Following the design of more efficient blockchain consensus algorithms, the execution layer has emerged as the new performance bottleneck of blockchains, especially under high contention. Current parallel execution frameworks either rely on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-20 François Ezard , Can Umut Ileri , Jérémie Decouchant

Fast Paxos is an algorithm for consensus that works by a succession of rounds, where each round tries to decide a value $v$ that is consistent with all past rounds. Rounds are started by a coordinator process and consistency is guaranteed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Gustavo M. D. Vieira , Luiz E. Buzato

Lamport's Paxos algorithm is a classic consensus protocol for state machine replication in environments that admit crash failures. Many versions of Paxos exploit the protocol's intrinsic properties for the sake of gaining better run-time…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Álvaro García-Pérez , Alexey Gotsman , Yuri Meshman , Ilya Sergey

Distributed consensus is a key enabler for many distributed systems including distributed databases and blockchains. Canopus is a scalable distributed consensus protocol that ensures that live nodes in a system agree on an ordered sequence…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-18 S. Keshav , W. Golab , B. Wong , S. Rizvi , S. Gorbunov

We present two new consensus algorithms for dynamic networks. The first, Fast Raft, is a variation on the Raft consensus algorithm that reduces the number of message rounds in typical operation. Fast Raft is ideal for fast-paced distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Timothy Castiglia , Colin Goldberg , Stacy Patterson

This paper proposes Caesar, a novel multi-leader Generalized Consensus protocol for geographically replicated sites. The main goal of Caesar is to overcome one of the major limitations of existing approaches, which is the significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Balaji Arun , Sebastiano Peluso , Roberto Palmieri , Giuliano Losa , Binoy Ravindran

Constrained devices in IoT networks often require to outsource resource-heavy computations or data processing tasks. Currently, most of those jobs are done in the centralised cloud. However, with rapidly increasing number of devices and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Michał Król , Ioannis Psaras