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Adaptive multimodal reasoning has emerged as a promising frontier in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), aiming to dynamically modulate between tool-augmented visual reasoning and text reasoning to enhance both effectiveness and efficiency.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xintong Zhang , Xiaowen Zhang , Jingrong Wu , Zhi Gao , Shilin Yan , Zhenxin Diao , Kunpeng Gao , Xuanyan Chen , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Qing Li

In this paper, we explore machine translation improvement via Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture. We take inspiration from RelGAN, a model for text generation, and NMT-GAN, an adversarial machine translation model, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Jay Ahn , Hari Madhu , Viet Nguyen

With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christoph Leiter , Juri Opitz , Daniel Deutsch , Yang Gao , Rotem Dror , Steffen Eger

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used in training large language models (LLMs) for preventing unexpected outputs, eg reducing harmfulness and errors. However, existing RL methods mostly adopt the instance-level reward, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junchen Wan , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Although Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have advanced state-of-the-art performance in machine translation, they face problems like the inadequate translation. We attribute this to that the standard Maximum Likelihood Estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Xiang Kong , Zhaopeng Tu , Shuming Shi , Eduard Hovy , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Commit messages are essential in software development as they serve to document and explain code changes. Yet, their quality often falls short in practice, with studies showing significant proportions of empty or inadequate messages. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Qunhong Zeng , Yuxia Zhang , Zexiong Ma , Bo Jiang , Ningyuan Sun , Klaas-Jan Stol , Xingyu Mou , Hui Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines document retrieval with large language models to produce responses grounded in external evidence. While several R packages support core components of RAG workflows, integrated evaluation of RAG…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Muhammad Aimal Rehman , Zhili Lu , Chi-Kuang Yeh

Machine translation quality has steadily improved over the years, achieving near-perfect translations in recent benchmarks. These high-quality outputs make it difficult to distinguish between state-of-the-art models and to identify areas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Lorenzo Proietti , Stefano Perrella , Vilém Zouhar , Roberto Navigli , Tom Kocmi

Practical guidance on training Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage Code Interpreter across diverse tasks remains lacking. We present R1-Code-Interpreter, an extension of a text-only LLM trained via multi-turn supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yongchao Chen , Yueying Liu , Junwei Zhou , Yilun Hao , Jingquan Wang , Yang Zhang , Na Li , Chuchu Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities, yet their performance in English significantly outperforms that in low-resource languages, raising fairness concerns in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Qiming Li , Xiaocheng Feng , Yixuan Ma , Zekai Ye , Ruihan Chen , Xiachong Feng , Bing Qin

We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zelin Zhao , Bo Yuan , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen

Deep reasoning is fundamental for solving complex tasks, especially in vision-centric scenarios that demand sequential, multimodal understanding. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate agents with fully synthetic, single-turn…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in language understanding and reasoning, yet they remain limited when tackling real-world tasks that require up-to-date knowledge, precise operations, or specialized tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yabo Zhang , Yihan Zeng , Qingyun Li , Zhen Hu , Kavin Han , Wangmeng Zuo

Reasoning-based large language models have excelled in mathematics and programming, yet their potential in knowledge-intensive medical question answering remains underexplored and insufficiently validated in clinical contexts. To bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yu Sun , Xingyu Qian , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Chenghao Xiao , Long Li , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang , Tingyang Xu , Qifeng Bai , Yu Rong

Machine Translation (MT) remains one of the last NLP tasks where large language models (LLMs) have not yet replaced dedicated supervised systems. This work exploits the complementary strengths of LLMs and supervised MT by guiding LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Marine Carpuat

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited great potential in mathematical reasoning. However, there remains a performance gap in this area between existing open-source models and closed-source models such as GPT-4. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zimu Lu , Aojun Zhou , Houxing Ren , Ke Wang , Weikang Shi , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge and up-to-date information. However, traditional RAG systems are limited by static workflows…

Reasoning-intensive retrieval aims to surface evidence that supports downstream reasoning rather than merely matching topical similarity. This capability is increasingly important for agentic search systems, where retrievers must provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yilun Zhao , Jinbiao Wei , Tingyu Song , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao , Arman Cohan